Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh 2019 / Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance & Police Analysis Page 1 Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh 2019 Guidance Shri. Madan Mohan Upadhyay, Principal Advisor Project Coordinator Mrs. Beena Shrivastava, Advisor Research Associate Ms.Sudeepa Das Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance & Police Analysis Page 2 Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh 2019 Table of contents 1. Background of the Study .................................................................................................. (page no 4 to11) 1.1 Status of Menstrual Health Management in India..................................... 1.2 Overview of Menstrual Health Education and Awareness Interventions in India 1.3 Studies in India presenting Menstrual Health management practices………….. 1.4 Status of Menstrual Health Management in MadhyaPradesh…………………….. 1.5 Various studies related to Menstrual Health Management practices in Madhya Pradesh 1.6 Promoting menstrual health and hygiene in Madhya Pradesh. 1.7 Enabling policy environment at a National level and State level related to MHM 1.8 Enabling policy environment in Madhya Pradesh 2. Introduction……………………………………………………………(page no 12 to 13) 2.1 Strategies adopted under Udita Scheme…………………………………………..... 2.2 Rationale of the Study………………………………………………………………. 2.3 Objectives of the study…………………………………………………………….... 2.4 Design of the Study and Sampling…………………………………………………... 3. Data analysis and findings......................................................................(page no 14 to 29) 3.1 Responses from Beneficiary and Non Beneficiaries of Udita Scheme……………….... 3.2 Responses from Beneficiaries…………………………………………………………… 3.3 Responses from Aganwadi Worker about Udita Scheme……………………………...... 3.4 Correlating responses of Beneficiaries of Udita Scheme and Aganwadi Worker……....... 4. Major Findings……………………………………………………. (page no 30 to 32) 5. Recommendations……………………………………………………..(page no 33 to 36) 6. Annexure…………………………………………… ………………….(page no 37 to 63) 7. References…………………………………………....................................... (page no 64) 8. Appendix-A………………………………………….............................(page no 65 to 68) Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance & Police Analysis Page 3 Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh 2019 Chapter - 1. Background of the Study 1.1 Status of Menstrual Health Management in India Girls do not have consistent access to India is a country with wealth related preferred, high-quality MHM products. disparities, gender related disparities, Almost 88% of women and girls in India owing to which there exists a significant use homemade alternatives, such as an variation in social indicators among girls old cloth, rags, hay, sand, or ash. between various regions of the country. Qualitative studies and an analysis of the There are over 355 million menstruating product market indicate that premium women and girls in India, yet millions of commercial products are unaffordable or women across the country still face not consistently accessible for women and significant barriers to comfortable and girls in low-income communities.Women dignified experience with menstrual and girls lack access to appropriate health. sanitation facilities.There are 63 million adolescent girls living in homes without Girls do not consistently have access to toilets.Despite national efforts to education on puberty and menstrual health. improve sanitation, women and girls In India, 71% of girls report having no lack appropriate facilities and knowledge of menstruation before their community support to manage their first period.Girls often turn to their menstruation privately and in a safe mothers for information and support, but manner. 70% of mothers consider menstruation “dirty,” further perpetuating taboos. Source: Menstrual Health Hygiene in India, Country landscape analysis 2016 . Table 1: Menstrual Health management status in India Indicator Total Rural Urban Awareness and Gender Equitable Norms Awareness of menstruation prior to menarche 48% 45% 50% Consider menstruation as normal 55% 53% 63% Girls stating that mother as main source of information 54% 53% 58% about menstruation Mothers consider menstruation as dirty, polluting 70% Girls experience/observe some sort of restriction during 87% 90% 83% menstruation (religious, food, social interactions) Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance & Police Analysis Page 4 Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh 2019 Access Women age 15-24 years who use hygienic methods of 57.6% 48.2% 77.5% protection during their menstrual period (ALL INDIA) Women age 15-24 years who use hygienic methods of 37.6% 26.4% 65.4% protection during their menstrual period(MADHYA PRADESH. Access to WASH facilities Girls’ toilet available and usable in schools 56.5% Education and health outcomes Proportion of school girls reporting missing school days 24% 28% 23% during menstruation Use of reusable absorbents and reproductive tract Women using reusable pads more infections likely to have symptoms of urogenital infection or to be diagnosed with at least one urogenital infection than women using disposable pads. Menstrual Waste Management Used absorbents thrown with routine waste 28% Used absorbents thrown in open 28% Used absorbents buried 33% Used absorbents burned in the open 15% Source: Roadmap to Strengthen Menstrual Health and Hygiene Management in Madhya Pradesh. Government of MadhyaPradesh 2019. Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance & Police Analysis Page 5 Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh 2019 1.2 Overview of Menstrual Health Education and Awareness Interventions in India Primary Goal Key Players Increasing presence by WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) 1: Programs focused organizations (e.g., WASH United in schools across India, primarily on WaterAid in the states of Jharkhand, Orissa, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, improving Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil menstruation and Nadu, and Delhi) are developing curriculum and partnering with schools to deliver awareness programs. Innovative examples include MHM awareness WASH United’s play-based learning curriculum. Many local NGOs have high-touch programs that vary in scale (e.g., Khel in UP using play-based teaching reached 12,000 people directly;Pasand, an NGO emphasizing trainer capacity, reached 6,000 students in 55 schools). Private sector is a new entrant—Menstrupedia has developed a comic book customized to the local context available in English, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, and Gujarati; over 1000 books are sold; over 30 schools across India are using it; the website has 20,000 users. 2: Programs where All national level government programs (RKSK, SABLA, SSA— MHM is a component described more in the Policy section) consider MHM awareness as a of a larger program component of improving other outcomes such as adolescent health, targeted at life-skill, or education. Although these programs have scale, the girls current emphasis on MHM is small. Few local NGOs working on girls’ livelihoods include MHM as a means to engage girls in programs.Sexual and reproductive health programs include MHM as a means to educate girls about family planning. In a few promising cases, NGOs see MHM education as a means for empowering girls; these programs are often localized. 3: Programs where Two of the top 3 large corporations (P&G, J&J) conduct awareness programs in schools as part of their core marketing strategy to menstrual health increase adoption or as part of their philanthropic efforts.Between awareness is a means 2012 and 2013,Whisper reached 4 million girls in schools and to product adoption Stayfree has committed to reach 100 million girls by 2018. Large corporations also develop mass media campaigns to address taboos largely among families with access to media (e.g.Whisper’s #touchthepickle campaign) which has over 2 million views in 1.5 years.Smaller social enterprises(e.g.,Aakar Innovation making sanitary pads in 13 locations across India or EcoFemme making cloth pads in Tamil Nadu) conduct awareness programs with their target users because they perceive lack of awareness as a barrier for growth.However, they struggle with limited resources and are smaller in scale; e.g, EcoFemme reached 1,740 girls in 2014. Source: Menstrual Health in India Landscape Analysis prepared for the bill and Melinda Gates foundation 2016. Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance & Police Analysis Page 6 Situational Analysis of “Udita Yojna” in Madhya Pradesh 2019 1.3 Studies in India presenting Menstrual Health management practices Numerous studies have been conducted sanitation facilities in school,for instance, across the country, examining the gender-segregated toilets, private washing prevalence of unsafe MHM practices, their and disposal facilitiesetc. causes and implications. -Nationally, in the year 2010 a study was -More than 45% of the respondents were conducted in Saoner, Nagpur District in not allowed to worship and cook in the Maharashtra,examining the knowledge and kitchen and one-fourth followed dietary menstrual hygiene management practices restrictions.More than 16% of the of adolescent school going girls in 8th and respondents thought of menstruation as a 9thstandard.The study reported that only sign of onset of a severe disease and about 37% of the girls in the study knew around 7%