JOURNAL OF UKRAINIAN GRADUATE STUDIES L. Schneider: An Examination of Shevchenko’s Romanticism 0. 3ijiHHCbKHH : YKpai'HCbKa jiipHHHa noe3in M. Carynnyk: Paradzhanov in Prison 1. Jaworsky: Polish-Ukrainian Relations R. B. Klymasz: Ukrainian Folklore in Canada Comments Guides to Research Book Reviews EDITORIAL COMMITTEE University of Toronto MARCO CARYNNYK ROMAN SENKUS, Managing Editor NADIA DIAKUN MYROSLAV SHKANDRIJ FACULTY ADVISOR: Professor GEORGE S. N. LUCKYJ EDITORIAL BOARD: Yury Boshyk, Oxford University • Zorianna Hry- cenko, University of Manitoba • Konstantin Huytan, University of London • Oleh Ilnytzkyj, Harvard University • Yarema Kowalchuk, University of Alberta • George Liber, Columbia University • Professor Peter J. Potichnyj, McMaster University • Professor Ivan L. Rudnytsky, University of Alberta • Professor Orest H. T. Rudzik, University of Toronto • Professor Roman Serbyn, Universite du Quebec a Montreal • Professor Danylo H. Struk, University of Toronto. The Journal of Ukrainian Graduate Studies is published biannually, in the spring and fall, by the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. Individual subscriptions are $4.00 per year, including postage. Cheques and money orders are payable in Canadian or American funds to: Journal of Ukrai- nian Graduate Studies. Please do not send cash. The Journal publishes articles written by graduate students which deal with Ukrainian-related subjects in the humanities and social sciences. The criterion for acceptance of submissions is their scholarly contribution to the field of Ukrainian studies. The Journal also publishes translated poetry and prose, documents, information, book reviews, and journalistic articles of a problem-oriented, controversial nature. Those wishing to submit manuscripts should observe the guidelines on the inside back cover. The editors assume no responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by contributors. Manuscripts, books for review, and all correspondence regarding sub- scriptions, changes of address, and editorial matters should be sent to: Journal of Ukrainian Graduate Studies, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S lAl. Copyright 1978 by the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. Printed by Harmony Printing Ltd., Toronto, Canada. ISSN 0701-1792 JOURNAL OF UKRAINIAN GRADUATE STUDIES Volume 3, Number 1 Spring 1978 ARTICLES Lisa E. Schneider: An Examination of Shevchenko’s Romanticism 5 OpecT 3ijiuHCbKuu: TpyflHi uijihxh 3poctehhh 29 Marco Carynnyk: Sergo Paradzhanov in Prison 47 Ivan Jaworsky: Poland and Ukraine: Past and Present 56 Robert B. Klymasz: Ukrainian Folklore in Canada: The Big Put-Down 66 COMMENTS lean JlucRK-PyffHUV/bKUu: Pycnd)iKan;iH hh MajiopociHHCTBO ? 78 Paul Pines: Hearing with the Eyes, Seeing with the Ears: The Sublunar Life of Bohdan Ihor Antonych 85 GUIDES TO RESEARCH Theses and Dissertations on Ukrainian Canadians: An Annotated Bibliography (Frances Swyripa) 91 REVIEWS Wsevolod W. Isajiw, ed., Ukrainians in American and Canadian Society: Contributions to the Sociology of Ethnic Groups (W. Roman Petryshyn) Ill No Gold for Baba’s Children: Helen Potrebenko, Myrna Kostash, and the Crisis of Ukrainian-Canadian Historiography (Andrij Makuch) 118 CONTRIBUTORS Marco Carynnyk is a professional translator and editor living in Toronto and an M.A. student in Slavic literature at the University of Toronto. Ivan Jaworsky is an M.A. student in political science at Carleton Univer- sity in Ottawa, Canada. Robert B. Klymasz is executive director of the Ukrainian Cultural and Educational Centre in Winnipeg, Canada. Paul Pines is an American poet living in New York City. In 1976 he received the Caps Award for Poetry. Ivan L. Rudnytsky is professor of Ukrainian and East European history at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. Lisa E. Schneider is a Ph.D. candidate in Slavic literature at the Univer- sity of Toronto. EDITORIAL NOTE With the appearance of this issue, the Journal of Ukrainian Graduate Studies completes its second year of publication. It has weathered the initial period of uncertainty and has evoked an encouraging response from over a thousand subscribers and readers. The editors have followed the policy outlined at the start of providing a forum for Ukrainian graduate students, as well as for other contributors who write on a wide range of Ukrainian topics. The Journal has tried to be scholarly, but has included good journalism and welcomed controversy and debate. The editors will pursue these aims in the future. In accordance with the promise made at the outset, the Editorial Committee will now be comprised solely of graduate students and a managing editor. One faculty advisor will guide the whole operation, which will continue to be supported by the CIUS. The Editorial Board remains for the most part the same. Another change which has been initiated with the current issue is to accept contributions not only from students and jour- nalists, but also from specialists in Ukrainian studies, if such articles are not unduly narrow in scope. The publication in this issue of Professor Klymasz’s public lecture is a good example. This change was necessary because fewer contributions have been received from students than was anticipated. The editors, there- fore, urge students to submit their term papers, chapters of theses, and other materials so that the Journal can fulfill its original pur- pose. The editors hope to continue publishing some reprints in Ukrainian, translations, and comments. For the time being, no creative writing will be included. The Journal can grow only to the extent that the contributions make it possible. The last word, therefore, lies not so much with the editors as with the Journal’s contributors and readers. Finally, due to increased production and mailing costs, the annual subscription will be raised, beginning with Number 5, to $5.00. 3 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/journalofukraini31 cana }KypHaji Lisa E. Schneider AN EXAMINATION OF SHEVCHENKO’S ROMANTICISM * Critics of the history of Ukrainian literature generally attribute to Shevchenko’s canon a role analogous to that which Russian critics perceive for Pushkin, namely, that Shevchenko’s work re- veals a definitive evolution which bridges the “Romantic” and “realistic” periods. 1 In this model, Shevchenko’s early works — especially the poems in the first Kobzar (1840) — are generally considered to represent his Romantic idiom, but closer examina- tion suggests that the use of this particular critical pigeonhole, which at first seems to clarify the general qualities of these poems, in fact brings into the critical analysis an immediately difficult complex of definitions and implications which ultimately make the significance of Shevchenko’s work harder to explain. Without doubt, this approach of interpreting Shevchenko’s early works in terms of the commonly accepted hallmarks of European Romantic writing was useful for the launching of Ukrainian literary scholar- ship, particularly during the initial stages of scholarly acquaintance with Shevchenko’s work; 2 thus Cyzevs’kyj, Volynsky, and others described the fundamental role of literature in the development of national consciousness in the Slavic nations, which is a charac- teristic “Romantic” trait, and Kotsiubynska’s valuable article ex- plained the vital role of Shevchenko’s work in this process by indicating strong, multifaceted relationships between the poetry of the Ukrainian master and his European counterparts. 3 * This paper was written in 1977 for the graduate course in Ukrain- ian literature at the University of Toronto entitled “Shevchenko and His Contemporaries.” 1 The leading works are Dmytro Cyzevs’kyj, A History of Ukrainian Literature, trans. Dolly Ferguson et al., ed. George Luckyj (Littleton, Colo., 1975), especially the chapter on “The Significance of Ukrainian Romanticism,” pp. 578-84 and separate sections on Shevchenko; M. K. Kotsiubynska, “Poetyka Shevchenka i ukrainskyi romantyzm,” in Zbirnyk prats shestoi naukovoi Shevchenkivskoi konferentsii (Kiev, 1958), pp. 49- 124; S. I. Rodzevych, “Romantyzm i realizm v rannikh poemakh Shevchen- ka,” in Naukovi zapysky Kyivskoho Derzhavnoho Pedistytutu (Kiev, 1939), Vol. I; and M. Rylsky, “Shevchenko poet-novator,” in Shevchenko i mirovaia literatura (Moscow, 1964). 2 Mykola Shlemkevych offers a good summary of this critical mate- rial; see his “Substratum of Shevchenko’s View of Life,” in V. Mija- kovs’kyj and G. Y. Shevelov, eds., Taras Sevcenko, 1814-1861 : A Sym- posium (The Hague, 1962), pp. 37-61, especially pp. 37-39. 3 See n. 1 and also P. K. Volynsky, Ukrainskyi romantyzm u zviazku z rozvytkom romantyzmu v slov’ianskykh literaturakh (Kiev, 1963). 5 Journal Kotsiubynska’s article, moreover, offered something more than simple justification for the inclusion of Shevchenko among the Romantics. It also enumerated many important peculiarities of Shevchenko’s poems, perceiving qualities of realism, humanism, and simplicity which set his work apart from the “Romantic norm,” and which attest to the unique independence of this po- 4 etry . Shevchenko not only understood the influence of the broad current of European literature, but also exercised a profound ability to distil its intricacies into poetry which remained uniquely Ukrainian. However, the initial difficulty in such an examination is not with Shevchenko’s poems, but with the term “Romanticism” itself, which has an ambiguous and contradictory nature. Despite