1 AP U. S. History Presidential Review The Young Republic/The Critical Period, 1788-1815 1. George Washington, 1789-1797 VP - John Adams Secretary of State - Thomas Jefferson Secretary of Treasury - Alexander Hamilton Reference Points: • The first cabinet positions—treasury, war, state, attorney general • Judiciary Act, 1789 • Tariff of 1789 • Philadelphia as the nation’s capital, 1790 • First Bank of United States , 1791-1811 (Report on Public Credit, Report on Manufactures) • Vermont enters Union, 1791 • The Bill of Rights, 1791 • The New York Stock Exchange, 1792 • Kentucky enters Union, 1792 • Fugitive Slave law, 1793 • French Revolution - Citizen Genet, 1793 • Eli Whitney granted patent for the cotton gin, 1794 • Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 • Jay’s Treaty with England, 1795 • Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain, 1795 • Hamilton v Jefferson (loose v strict interpretations of the Constitution) • Tennessee enters Union, 1796 • Farewell Address, 1796 2. John Adams, 1797-1801 Federalist VP - Thomas Jefferson Reference Points: • XYZ Affair, 1797 • 11th Amendment, 1798 • Naturalization Act, 1798 • Alien Act, Sedition Act, 1798 • Kentucky (Jefferson) and Virginia (Madison) Resolutions, 1798 • Handsome Lake, 1799 • Prosser’s Rebellion, 1800 • "Midnight Appointments"/Judiciary Act of 1801 2 3. Thomas Jefferson, 1801-1809 Republican VP - Aaron Burr Secretary of State - James Madison Reference Points: • Repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801 • Beginning of the Second Great Awakening, 1801-1840s • Henry Shrapnel receives the patent for shell ammunition, 1803 • Marbury v. Madison, 1803 • Ohio enters Union, 1803 • Louisiana Purchase, 1803 • Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 • The attempt to impeach Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase, 1804 • Aaron Burr and his treason trial, 1804-1807 • 12th Amendment, 1804 • Yazoo Land Scandal, 1805 • National Road (also known as Cumberland Road) authorized, 1806 • Impressment, 1806-1812 • Embargo Act, 1807 • Congressional prohibition on slave trade into the US, 1808 4. James Madison, 1809-1817 Republican VP - George Clinton Secretary of State - James Monroe Reference Points: • Repeal of Embargo Act, 1809 • Non-Intercourse Act, 1809 • Macon Act, 1810 • Fletcher v Peck and the Yazoo Land Scandal decision, 1810 • Bank Debates and the expiration of the First National Bank’s charter, 1811 • "War Hawks," 1811-1812 (John C. Calhoun of SC and Henry Clay of KY) • Tecumseh, 1811 • Turnpikes (toll roads) proliferate, 1811-1818 • Louisiana enters Union, 1812 • War of 1812 (1812-1814) • “Star-Spangled banner” composed, 1814 • Treaty of Ghent, 1814 • Hartford Convention, 1814 • Battle of New Orleans, 1815 • Unitarianism, 1815-1860 • Early immigration (Irish, Germans), 1815-1860 • The rechartering of the National Bank, 1816 • Indiana enters Union, 1816 3 Era of Good Feelings and the Era of the Common Man, 1815-1840 5. James Monroe, 1817-1825 Republican VP – Daniel Tompkins Secretary of State - John Quincy Adams Reference Points: • The First Seminole War (Andrew Jackson), 1816-1818 • Mississippi enters Union, 1817 • Construction begins on Erie Canal, 1817 • Steamboat navigation inaugurated on Ohio Mississippi route, 1817 • Illinois enters Union, 1818 • Panic of 1819 • Depression of 1819-1821 • Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 1819 • Cession of Florida/Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 • First US immigration law passed, establishing a registration system and a process, 1819 • McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 • First US steamship crosses Atlantic to Europe, 1819 • Alabama enters Union, 1819 • Missouri Compromise, 1820 • Maine enters Union, 1820 • Slave trade declared piracy, 1820 • Missouri enters Union, 1821 • Seminoles resettled in central Florida • Stephen S. Austin founds first American settlement in Mexican province of Texas, 1821 • Cumberland Road (National Road) debate and veto, 1822 • US extends recognition to new republics of Latin America, 1821 • Denmark Vesey’s rebellion, 1822 • Monroe Doctrine, 1823 • Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 • US and Russia establish boundary along Pacific coast of Oregon Territory • American System, 1824 • Tariff of 1824 • Favorite Sons Election [Jackson, J. Q. Adams, Crawford, Clay], 1824 • Creeks moved west, 1825 6. John Quincy Adams, 1825-1829 National Republican VP - John C. Calhoun Secretary of State - Henry Clay Reference Points: • "Corrupt Bargain" • Opening of Erie Canal, 1825 • Beginning of railroad construction, 1826- • James Fenimore Cooper publishes Last of the Mohicans, published, 1826 • American Temperance Society established, 1826 • Freeman’s Journal first black-run newspaper in US founded in New York, 1827 • Baltimore and Ohio Railroad becomes the first passenger railway in US, 1827 • Irish and German immigration begins, 1827-1838 • Noah Webster publishes The American Dictionary of the English Language, 1828 • Tariff of Abominations, 1828 • South Carolina demands right to nullify federal laws, 1828 • Calhoun's Exposition and Protest, 1828 4 7. Andrew Jackson, 1829-1837 Democrat VP - John C. Calhoun and Martin Van Buren Reference Points: • “Kitchen Cabinet”/“Spoils System” • Jacksonian Democracy • The first railroad locomotive enters service, 1829 • Chesapeake and Delaware canals open, 1829 • Mormon Church founded, 1830 • Indian Removal Act, 1830 • Maysville Road Veto, 1830 • Land speculation makes receipts of public lands a main source of government revenue, 1830-1835 • William Lloyd Garrison begins publication of The Liberator, 1831 • Nat Turner’s insurrection, 1831 • Cherokee Nation v Georgia, 1831 • Underground Railroad, 1831- • Bank veto issue, 1832 (charter due to expire 1836) • The Tariff of 1832 and the nullification controversy, 1832 • World’s first streetcar begins service in New York, 1832 • Tariff of 1833 (a Henry Clay compromise) and the Force Act, 1833 • Anti-Slavery Society, 1833 • Black Hawk war, 1832 • Worcester v Georgia, 1832 • Formation of the Whig Party/Second Party System, 1832/1834 • Jackson enacts 10-hour day for federal workers, 1834 • Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 • Treaty of New Echota, 1835 • Trail of Tears forces the Cherokee from Georgia to “Indian Territory,” 1835-1838 • Transportation boom, 1835-1841 • “Gag rule,” 1836 • Republic of Texas proclaimed (the Alamo, the Battle of San Jacinto), 1836 • Bureau of Indian Affairs established, 1836 • Arkansas enters Union, 1836 • Specie circular adopted to curtail overspeculation in public land sales, 1836 • Rise of manufacturing in the North, 1830s- • Transcendentalism, 1836-1850 • Michigan enters Union, 1837 8. Martin Van Buren, 1837-1841 Democrat VP - Richard M. Johnson Reference Points: • Panic of 1837 • Ralph Waldo Emerson delivers his “American Scholar” address at Harvard, 1837 • Charles River Bridge v Warren Bridge, 1837 • Samuel Morse receives patent for telegraph, 1837 • Joseph Smith leads Mormons from Ohio toward Missouri, 1838 • Tennessee passes first prohibition law, 1838 • Liberty Party founded on platform of abolitionism (later merged with Free Soilers), 1839 • Independent Treasury Bill, 1840 • 10-hour work day extended to all laborers, 1840 • Rise of popular press, 1840- • Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign, 1840 5 Antebellum Period, 1840-1860 9. William Henry Harrison, 1841 Whig VP - John Tyler Secretary of State - Daniel Webster 10. John Tyler, 1841-1845 Anti-Jackson Democrat ran as VP on Whig ticket Secretary of State - Daniel Webster Reference Points: • Supreme Court frees black rebels in Amistad case, 1841 • Repeal of the Independent Treasury Act/Bank veto issue, 1841 • John C. Fremont surveys Oregon Trail, 1842 • Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842 • Commonwealth v Hunt, 1842 • Charles Thurber patents the typewriter, 1843 • High point of “Old Immigration” (Scandinavians in upstate New York, Wisconsin and Minnesota; Irish in New York and New England; Germans in New York, Baltimore, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Milwaukee, Texas), 1843-1882 • Beginnings of Nativism /American Republican Party, 1843 • Bible riots, 1844 • Henry Wells and George Fargo found express service, 1844 • Oregon border dispute/54° 40’, 1844-1846 • Texas annexation 1844-1845 (completed under President Polk) • Samuel Morse sends first telegram from Washington DC to Baltimore, 1844 • Florida enters Union, 1845 11. James K. Polk, 1845-1849 Original "dark horse" candidate Democrat VP – George Dallas Reference Points: • Manifest Destiny/John O’Sullivan, 1845 • Texas enters Union, 1845 • Smithsonian Institution established in Washington, DC, 1846 • Brigham Young leads Mormons to Utah, 1846 • Mexican War, 1846-1848 • Bear Flag revolt in California, 1846 • Oregon boundary settled with Great Britain, 1846 • Wilmot Proviso, 1846 • Iowa enters Union, 1846 • US Post Office issues first official stamp, 1847 • Discovery of gold in California, 1848 • Treaty of Guadeloupe-Hidalgo, 1848 • Wisconsin enters Union, 1848 • Seneca Falls Convention/The Declaration of Sentiments, 1848 • Free Soil Party established, 1848 • Department of the Interior established, 1849 6 12. Zachary Taylor, 1849-1850 Whig VP - Millard Fillmore Reference Points: • Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1850 (in anticipation of a canal across Central America) 13. Millard Fillmore, 1850-1853 Whig Secretary of State - Daniel Webster Reference Points: • California enters Union, 1850 • Compromise of 1850 • Fugitive Slave Act, 1850 • The New York Times begins publication, 1851 • Herman Melville publishes Moby Dick, 1851 • Isaac Singer patents his sewing machine, 1851 • Cuba declares independence from Spain, 1851 • YMCA established in US, 1851 • Northern frustrations over Fugitive Slave law, 1850-1861 • Harriet