The Greatest Mirror Heavenly Counterparts in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha Andrei A. Orlov On the cover: The Baleful Head, by Edward Burne-Jones. Oil on canvas, dated 1886– 1887. Courtesy of Art Resource. Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2017 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu Production, Dana Foote Marketing, Fran Keneston Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Orlov, Andrei A., 1960– author. Title: The greatest mirror : heavenly counterparts in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha / Andrei A. Orlov. Description: Albany, New York : State University of New York Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016052228 (print) | LCCN 2016053193 (ebook) | ISBN 9781438466910 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781438466927 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Apocryphal books (Old Testament)—Criticism, interpretation, etc. Classification: LCC BS1700 .O775 2017 (print) | LCC BS1700 (ebook) | DDC 229/.9106—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016052228 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For April DeConick . in the season when my body was completed in its maturity, there imme- diately flew down and appeared before me that most beautiful and greatest mirror-image of myself. —Cologne Mani Codex 17 Contents Preface xi Abbreviations xiii Introduction 1 Chapter One: The Heavenly Counterpart Traditions in the Enochic Pseudepigrapha 7 Chapter Two: The Heavenly Counterpart Traditions in the Mosaic Pseudepigrapha 43 Chapter Three: The Heavenly Counterpart Traditions in the Pseudepigrapha about Jacob 61 Chapter Four: The Heavenly Counterpart Traditions in Joseph and Aseneth 119 Conclusion 149 Notes 153 Bibliography 267 Index 295 ix Preface This study represents the culmination of several years of work. My initial inter- est in the heavenly counterpart imagery was developed in the late 1990s, when I started working on my doctoral dissertation devoted to the development of the Enoch-Metatron tradition. Part of my dissertation dealt with the exploration of heavenly doubles found in such Jewish works as the Book of the Similitudes, 2 Enoch, the Exagoge of Ezekiel the Tragedian, the Prayer of Joseph, and the Ladder of Jacob.1 Many of these initial probes into doppelganger lore were sub- sequently reported in several articles published in various journals and edited volumes.2 In the last decade, I also extended the scope of my study to Jewish demonological reinterpretations of otherworldly counterparts, which resulted in the publication of several articles and two books devoted to the symmetrical correspondences between heavenly and demonic realities.3 In 2011, during my sabbatical in Jerusalem, as a fellow of the Institute of Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, I began to work systematically on a monograph concerning heavenly counterpart traditions in the Jewish pseudepigrapha, which I was able to finish only now, six years later. Several people helped me in my work on this project. I would like to express my appreciation to Paul Pasquesi, who helped to improve the manu- script’s grammar. I am especially grateful to my research assistant, Caroline Redick, who worked very hard through different versions of the manuscript to help improve the text in both style and substance. I also extend my gratitude to Michael Cover, who read the manuscript at its various stages of evolution and offered numerous constructive ideas. I owe special thanks to my colleagues at the Department of Theology of Marquette University for their continued human and scholarly support and encouragement. I am grateful to Art Resource, New York, for permission to use a digital reproduction of Edward Burne-Jones’ painting, The Baleful Head, as the cover image. xi xii ■ Preface Sincere thanks are also due to Rafael Chaiken, Dana Foote, and the edito- rial team of SUNY Press for their help, patience, and professionalism during the preparation of the book for publication. —Andrei Orlov Milwaukee The Feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos, 2017 Abbreviations ÄAT Ägypten und Altes Testament AAWG Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen AB Anchor Bible AC Anthropology of Consciousness ACF Annuaire du Collège de France AGAJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums AnBib Analecta Biblica ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt AOASH Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae ArBib Aramaic Bible ASOR American Schools of Oriental Research Series ASTI Annual of the Swedish Theological Institute BEATAJ Beiträge zur Erforschung des Alten Testaments und des antiken Judentums BI Beiträge zur Iranistik BIS Biblical Interpretation Series BJS Brown Judaic Studies BKP Beiträge zur klassischen Philologie BSJS Brill’s Series in Jewish Studies BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series CEJL Commentaries on Early Jewish Literature CEUSH Central European University Studies in Humanities CMC Cologne Mani Codex COIDR Chtenija v Obschestve Istorii i Drevnostej Rossijskih Corp. Herm. Corpus Hermeticum CRINT Compendia rerum iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum xiii xiv ■ Abbreviations CSCO Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium DSD Dead Sea Discoveries EB Eichstätter Beiträge ECLS Early Christian Literature Series EJL Early Judaism and Its Literature EPRO Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l’Empire romain EvQ Evangelical Quarterly ExpTim Expository Times Frag. Targ. Fragmentary Targum FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments FSBP Fontes et Subsidia ad Bibliam Pertinentes GAP Guides to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha GCS Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte Gen. Rab. Genesis Rabbah Gos. Phil. Gospel of Philip Gos. Thom. Gospel of Thomas HAR Hebrew Annual Review HNT Handbuch zum Neuen Testament HR History of Religions HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HTR Harvard Theological Review HUAS Hebrew University Armenian Studies ICS Illinois Classical Studies Imm Immanuel IORJS Izvestija Otdelenija Russkago Jazyka i Slovesnosti JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies Jos. Asen. Joseph and Aseneth JPsJ Journal of Psychology and Judaism JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JR Journal of Religion JRelS Journal of Religious Studies JSHRZ Jüdische Schriften aus hellenistisch-römischer Zeit JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period Abbreviations ■ xv JSJSS Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period: Supplement Series JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament JSNTSS Journal for the Study of the New Testament. Supplement Series JSOR Journal of the Society of Oriental Research JSOTSS Journal for the Study of the Old Testament. Supplement Series JSP Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha JSPSS Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha. Supplement Series JSQ Jewish Studies Quarterly JTS Journal of Theological Studies KEK Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar über das Neue Testament Keph. Kephalaia LCJP Library of Contemporary Jewish Philosophers LCL Loeb Classical Library LIS Literatura Intertestamentària Supplementa LSAAR Lund Studies in African and Asian Religions MAS Mitteilungen aus der Ägyptischen Sammlung MH Museum Helveticum NedTT Nederlands Theologisch Tijdschrift NHC Nag Hammadi Codex NHMS Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies NHS Nag Hammadi Studies NovT Novum Testamentum NovTSup Supplements to Novum Testamentum NPAJ New Perspectives on Ancient Judaism NSBT New Studies in Biblical Theology NTOA Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus NTS New Testament Studies OBO Orbis biblicus et orientalis PPS Popular Patristic Series PRE Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer PTS Patristische Texte und Studien PVTG Pseudepigrapha Veteris Testamenti Graece QM Qumranica Mogilanensia REJ Revue des études juives RevQ Revue de Qumrân RHR Revue de l’Histoire des Religions SAALT State Archives of Assyria Literary Texts SANE Sources from the Ancient Near East SBLSCS Society of Biblical Literature Septuagint and Cognate Studies SBLSP Society of Biblical Literature Seminar Papers xvi ■ Abbreviations SBLSS Society of Biblical Literature Symposium Series SBLTT Society of Biblical Literature Texts and Translations SC Sources chrétiennes SCL Sather Classical Lectures ScrTh Scripta theologica SHR Studies in the History of Religions SII Studien zur Indologie und Iranistic SJ Studia Judaica SJJTP Supplements to the Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy SJLA Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity SJS Studia Judaeoslavica SNTSMS Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series SOR Studies in Oriental Religions SORJS Sbornik Otdelenija Russkogo Jazyka i Slovesnosti SPB Studia Post-Biblica SR Studies in Religion SSEJC Studies in Scripture in Early Judaism and Christianity SSS Sagners slavistische Sammlung STAC Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum