New notions in a classic classroom Applying late modern sociolinguistics and socially informed SLA to foreign language learner data Ritzau, Ursula Publication date: 2014 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published version (APA): Ritzau, U. (2014). New notions in a classic classroom: Applying late modern sociolinguistics and socially informed SLA to foreign language learner data. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN PhD thesis Ursula Ritzau New notions in a classic classroom. Applying late modern sociolinguistics and socially informed SLA to foreign language learner data. Name of department: Department of Scandinavian Studies and Linguistics Author: Ursula Ritzau Title / Subtitle: New notions in a classic classroom. Applying late modern sociolinguistics and socially informed SLA to foreign language learner data. Academic advisors: Juni S. Arnfast and Jens Normann Jørgensen Submitted: 11 April 2014 2 Contents Contents .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 8 1.1 Research questions ................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Structure of the dissertation .................................................................................................................................. 10 2 THEORY ....................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Language in late modern sociolinguistics ............................................................................................................. 13 2.1.1 Critique of the ideology of separate languages ................................................................................................ 14 2.1.2 Repertoire ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.3 Languaging and polylanguaging ...................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.4 Norms and ideologies ....................................................................................................................................... 20 2.1.5 Authentic language ........................................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.6 Summary of language in late modern sociolinguistics ..................................................................................... 24 2.2 The chronological order of languages in SLA ..................................................................................................... 25 2.2.1 L1, first language, native language, and mother tongue ................................................................................... 25 2.2.2 L2, second, and foreign languages ................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.3 L3, third, additional, and other languages ........................................................................................................ 30 2.2.4 Summary of the chronological order of language learning .............................................................................. 36 2.3 Classic second language learning studies ............................................................................................................. 36 2.3.1 Morpheme studies ............................................................................................................................................ 36 2.3.2 Interlanguage and native-speaker competence ................................................................................................. 37 2.3.3 Input and output ................................................................................................................................................ 39 2.3.4 Transfer ............................................................................................................................................................ 41 2.3.5 Summary of classic SLA studies ...................................................................................................................... 42 2.4 Second language learning strategies ..................................................................................................................... 42 2.4.1 Vocabulary learning strategies ......................................................................................................................... 44 2.4.2 What does it mean to know a word? ................................................................................................................ 45 2.4.3 Memorisation .................................................................................................................................................... 46 2.4.4 Learning vocabulary from reading or writing .................................................................................................. 47 2.4.5 Learning vocabulary from contrastive analysis and translation ....................................................................... 49 2.4.6 Learning vocabulary from songs ...................................................................................................................... 50 2.4.7 Learning vocabulary from combined strategies ............................................................................................... 51 2.4.8 Summary of vocabulary learning strategies ..................................................................................................... 52 2.5 Socially informed approaches to SLA .................................................................................................................. 53 2.5.1 Sociocultural theory and activity theory ........................................................................................................... 53 2.5.2 The ecology approach ....................................................................................................................................... 54 2.5.3 Chaos/complexity theory .................................................................................................................................. 55 2.5.4 The identity approach ....................................................................................................................................... 55 2.5.5 Summary of socially informed approaches to SLA ......................................................................................... 56 2.6 Identity work and positioning theory ................................................................................................................... 57 2.6.1 Positioning theory ............................................................................................................................................. 58 2.6.2 Positioning theory in SLA ................................................................................................................................ 59 3 2.7 Language learner beliefs ........................................................................................................................................ 61 2.7.1 Three approaches to studying beliefs ............................................................................................................... 63 2.7.2 Studies of dynamic beliefs ............................................................................................................................... 66 2.7.3 The use of learning journals in research on learner beliefs .............................................................................. 68 2.7.4 Summary of research on language learner beliefs ............................................................................................ 69 2.8 Sociolinguistics and SLA research ........................................................................................................................ 70 2.9 Summary of theoretical framework ..................................................................................................................... 74 3 METHODS .................................................................................................................... 77 3.1 Methodological background .................................................................................................................................. 77 3.2 The setting ............................................................................................................................................................... 80 3.2.1 German in Switzerland ..................................................................................................................................... 80 3.2.2 Danish and Scandinavian as study programmes .............................................................................................