State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 P. Bijkerk A. van Lier S. McDonald K. Kardamanidis E.B. Fanoy J. Wallinga H.E. de Melker This report contains an erratum d.d. 7-8-2015 after page 50 Colophon © RIVM 2014 Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to the ‘National Institute for Public Health and the Environment’, along with the title and year of publication Editors: P. Bijkerk1, A. van Lier1, S. McDonald1, K. Kardamanidis1, E.B. Fanoy1,2, J. Wallinga1, H.E. de Melker1 Contact: [email protected] Chapter 1: Introduction P. Bijkerk1 Chapter 2: The state of infectious diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 P. Bijkerk1, K. Kardamanidis1, E.B. Fanoy1,2 Chapter 3: Disease burden of infectious diseases in the Netherlands A. van Lier1 / S. McDonald1, M. Bouwknegt3, P. Bijkerk1, M. Kretzschmar4,5, A. Havelaar3,6, J. Wallinga1, H.E. de Melker1 1. Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, RIVM, Bilthoven 2. Public Health Service region Utrecht, Zeist 3. Zoonosis and Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, RIVM, Bilthoven 4. Chief Scientific Officer, RIVM 5. Julius Center, UMC Utrecht 6. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ISSN: 1875-0885 This report has been drafted by the Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, RIVM, by order and for the account of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports. Publiekssamenvatting Abstract Staat van Infectieziekten in Nederland, State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 2013 De uitbraak van mazelen in 2013 was de meest in het The measles outbreak in 2013 was the most striking oog springende infectieziekte van dat jaar. Dit blijkt infectious disease of that year. This is demonstrated uit de Staat van Infectieziekten in Nederland 2013, die in the State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands inzicht geeft in ontwikkelingen van infectieziekten bij 2013, which provides insight into infectious disease de Nederlandse bevolking. Daarnaast worden de trends in the Dutch population. Developments in ontwikkelingen in het buitenland beschreven die voor other countries that are relevant for the Netherlands Nederland relevant zijn. Met deze jaarlijkse uitgave are also described. This annual RIVM publication informeert het RIVM beleidsmakers van het ministerie informs policy-makers from the Ministry of Health, van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport (VWS). Welfare and Sport (VWS). Elk jaar komt in de Staat van Infectieziekten een Every year the State of Infectious Diseases publishes thema aan bod; dit jaar is dat de hoeveelheid jaren reports on a particular theme. This year’s topic in goede gezondheid die verloren gaan (ziektelast) concerns the estimation of disease burden: how door infectieziekten. Sommige infectieziekten, zoals many years of healthy life are lost due to infectious maag-darminfecties, komen erg vaak voor maar diseases? Some infectious diseases, such as veroorzaken over het algemeen geen ernstige gastrointestinal infections, occur frequently in the klachten. Andere daarentegen, bijvoorbeeld tetanus, population, but do not generally give rise to serious komen slechts zelden voor maar veroorzaken relatief complaints. In contrast, other diseases, for example veel sterfgevallen. Een gezondheidsmaat die deze tetanus, occur rarely but may lead to a high risk of aspecten van ziekten combineert is de Disability death. A summary measure of population health Adjusted Life Year (DALY). that combines the morbidity and premature mortality attributable to a disease in a single Voor 32 infectieziekten is de ziektelast in Nederland quantity is the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY). tussen 2007 en 2011 geschat. De gemiddelde jaarlijkse For 32 infectious diseases, we estimated the disease ziektelast voor de totale Nederlandse bevolking was burden in the Netherlands between 2007 and2011. het hoogst voor ernstige pneumokokkenziekte (9444 The highest average annual burden for the total DALY’s per jaar) en griep (8670 DALY’s per jaar), die Netherlands population was estimated for invasive respectievelijk 16 en 15 procent van de totale pneumococcal disease (9444 DALYs per year) and ziektelast van alle 32 infectieziekten influenza (8670 DALYs per year), which represented vertegenwoordigen. Na polio en difterie (0 gevallen in 16 and 15 percent, respectively, of the total burden of de onderzochte periode), werd de laagste ziektelast all 32 diseases considered. After poliomyelitis and geschat voor rodehond op 0,14 DALY’s per jaar. De diphtheria (no cases in the period investigated), the ziektelast voor deze ziekten is zo laag dankzij het lowest burden was estimated for rubella, at 0.14 Rijksvaccinatieprogramma. De ziektelast per individu DALYs per year. The extremely low burden for these varieerde van 0,2 DALY’s per honderd infecties voor diseases is due to the National Immunisation giardiasis (diarree die wordt veroorzaakt door een Programme. The disease burden per individual parasiet), tot 5081 en 3581 DALY’s per honderd varied from 0.2 DALYs per 100 infections for infecties voor respectievelijk hondsdolheid en een giardiasis (diarrhea that is caused by a parasite), to variant van de ziekte van Creutzfeldt-Jakob. 5081 and 3581 DALYs per 100 infections for rabies Voor alle ziektelaststudies geldt dat de resultaten and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, respectively. afhankelijk zijn van de modelparameters en As with all burden of disease studies, results depend aannames, en van de beschikbaarheid van accurate on disease model parameters and assumptions, and gegevens over de mate waarin de ziekten on the availability of accurate data on the incidence voorkomen. Toch kunnen deze schattingen of infection. Nevertheless, estimates of disease informatief zijn voor beleidsmakers binnen de burden can be informative for public health policy- gezondheidszorg om prioriteiten te kunnen makers regarding the prioritisation of preventive and aanbrengen in preventieve en andere maatregelen. other measures. Trefwoorden: Staat van infectieziekten, infectieziekten, Keywords: state of infectious diseases, infectious ziektelast, DALY, meldingsplichtige infectieziekten diseases, disease burden, DALY, notifiable diseases State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 | 3 4 | State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 Contents 1 Introduction 7 2 The state of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Group A-diseases 9 2.3 Group B1-diseases 12 2.4 Group B2-diseases 13 2.5 Other relevant events related to non-notifiable infectious diseases 14 2.6 Literature 17 3 Disease burden of infectious diseases in the Netherlands 19 3.1 Introduction 19 3.2 Methodology 20 3.3 Estimated annual disease burden in the Netherlands, 2007-2011 24 3.4 Discussion 30 3.5 Conclusions 38 3.6 Call for feedback 38 3.7 Literature 39 3.8 Appendix 1: surveillance data 43 4 Acknowledgements 49 State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 | 5 6 | State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 1 Introduction This is the ninth edition of the report on State of incidence of infection, which usually must be Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands. This annual estimated using imperfect surveillance data. publication is written to inform policy makers at the Estimates of disease burden van be informative for Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS) and at public health policy decisions regarding the prioriti- the Centre of Infectious Diseases at RIVM. sation of interventions and preventive measures. This State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands starts with a chapter on the main national and international infectious diseases events that occur- red in the Netherlands in 2013. This chapter includes the table with annual numbers of notified diseases in the Netherlands. One particular topic is highlighted each year. This year the focus is on the burden of infectious disease in the Netherlands. In this report, we present the first comprehensive national burden of disease estimates, for 32 infectious diseases in the period 2007-2011. We computed the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) measure, which combines the burden due to both morbidity and premature mortality associated with all short and long-term consequen- ces of infection. The highest average annual burden was observed for invasive pneumococcal disease (9444 DALYs/year) and influenza (8670 DALYs/year), which represents 16% and 15%, of the total burden of all 32 diseases considered, respectively. Results depend on disease model parameters and assumpti- ons, and on the availability of accurate data on the State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 | 7 8 | State of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 2 The state of Infectious Diseases in the Netherlands, 2013 2.1 Introduction 2013 and continued into 2014. We have not included information about outbreaks or events that started In this chapter, we provide an overview of key in 2014. infectious diseases events in 2013 previously reported in the weekly reports written by the Dutch early warning committee (http://signaleringsoverleg. 2.2 Group A-diseases infectieziekten.eu/). These include both national and international events. Table 2.1 shows the number of Polio notifications of all notifiable infectious diseases in In 2013, 416 patients with poliomyelitis were reported the Netherlands by year of disease onset