2020 Torit County Multi-Sector Household Survey Full Report March 2020 Note: the circles reported in the cover page do not represent administrative boundaries (for which there is not an official reference), nor their size is proportional to the number of inhabitants. It is merely meant to provides a much-needed geographical location of sub county administrations. i.e. payams (the list of payams was provided by Torit RRC). Contents I. COMMUNITY CONSOLE............................................................................................................................ 4 II. TRENDS OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS ..................................................................................................... 6 III. BACKGROUND and HUMANITARIAN SUPPORT ..................................................................................... 7 IV. DASHBOARD .......................................................................................................................................... 8 V. PURPOSE, METHODOLOGY and SCOPE .................................................................................................. 1 SECTION 1. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................................... 5 1. LIVELIHOOD ......................................................................................................................................... 5 2. MAIN PROBLEMS, ACCESS to SERVICES and COPING CAPACITY ........................................................ 8 3. FOOD SECURITY, NUTRITION and POVERTY PROFILING ................................................................... 11 4. HEALTH .............................................................................................................................................. 15 5. HYGIENE and WASH .......................................................................................................................... 18 6. EDUCATION ....................................................................................................................................... 20 7. PROTECTION and GENDER ................................................................................................................ 24 SECTION 2. ECONOMY .............................................................................................................................. 29 8. AGRICULTURE.................................................................................................................................... 29 9. LIVESTOCK FARMING ........................................................................................................................ 43 10. ACCESS TO CONSUMER MARKETS, EXCHANGES and EXPENDITURES ............................................ 47 11. PRODUCTIVE ASSETS, ENERGY and NON-FOOD ITEMS .................................................................. 50 SECTION 3. PEACE and GOVERNANCE ...................................................................................................... 52 12. NATURAL RESOURCES RELATED DISPUTES ..................................................................................... 52 13. SAFETY and CRIMES ........................................................................................................................ 54 14. MIGRATION and IDPs ...................................................................................................................... 55 15. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION and LOCAL GOVERNANCE .............................................................. 60 16. HUMANITARIAN & DEVELOPMENT AID (IN THE LAST 12 MONTHS) .............................................. 64 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This report was made possible thanks to the kind contribution of the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation and the Food Agency Organization Author Bruno Nazim Baroni (AVSI Foundation Head of Monitoring and Quality Assurance) with the support of Mariam Joshi (AVSI Foundation Coordinator of Monitoring and Evaluation) and Kuti Elizabeth and Papa John Martin (survey managers and lead enumerators) AVSI Foundation, South Sudan I. COMMUNITY CONSOLE By comparison, each community is assessed with regard to the 3 themes of the report – human development (HD), economy (E), and peace & governance (PG); the green color suggests encouraging signs, red reasons for concern. NYONG/TORIT TOWN (approximately 25% of Torit county population) HD Best access to social services but high levels of crude death rate (CDR) for U5 children (6.3/ 10,000 people/day) E Most economically diverse and significant access to productive assets but highest prices for commodities PG Highest levels of participation and association but lowest contribution to community work; high levels of theft HIYALLA (16%) HD Best Food Consumption Score (FCS) thanks to livestock rearing and relatively fair access to social services E Community that sells most of its livestock to other community members, significant access to productive assets PG Strong community work but significant forced marriages and conflicts (livestock grazing on crops), not well managed IYIRE (15%) HD Lowest proximity to health services; and limited access to safe water (10% of HHs drinks surface water) E Most market-oriented farmers and most varied crop farming; Least number of HHs adopting coping strategies PG High levels of crime, especially physical attack, including harm and abduction of children; outflow driven by insecurity IFWOTU (7%) HD Strong food insecurity (32% with poor FCS) and high crude death rate (3.7). Average access to social services E Limited crop variety; 50% of HH spend more than 75% on food; severe limitation to productive assets PG Highest incidence of crime, especially murder and GBV. Weakest support among community members BUR (10%) HD Lowest level of schooling (lowest demand) and average access to other services; Good food security E High numbers of market-oriented herders; highest rate of livestock deaths. Good access to productive assets. PG Low incidence of crime albeit potential minor tensions between IDPs and host community; average associationism KUDO (8%) HD Little lower than average food security; Better than average proximity to social services. High morbidity E Intense sale of livestock as coping strategy; Limited access to advanced farming tools PG Average community support and association; average number of disputes (for water control) and incidence of crime HIMODONGE (7%) HD Highest levels of CDR for U5 children (6.9); limited access to social services, and worse access to water E Highest share of smallholder farmers, little market production, and bad food security (in spite of strong agro support) PG Highest level of disputes (particularly for water), and among herders and farmers; least performing conflict resolution LOWOI (6%) HD Highest food insecurity; low schooling (worse school infrastructure), high forced marriage and kidnapping of children E Hunger is the second most pressing problem. Worse proximity to markets. Intense sale of livestock as coping strategy PG Lowest share of HHs reporting security improvements; average incidence of crime IMUROK (6%) HD Very high food insecurity; High CDR (4.9) and sickness. Low schooling and school infrastructure. E Hunger the second most pressing problem; 50% of HHs spending more than 75% on food; lowest access to assets PG Highest percentage of departures due to insecurity; high incidences of theft, GBV and abuses on children Note: the circles do not represent administrative boundaries nor their size is proportional to the share or number of inhabiting populations. The list of payams was provided by Torit RRC II. TRENDS OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS • Overall, 2019 was a year of significant improvements – yet not sufficient to recover meaningfully from the impact of the crises (security, food security and economic crisis) that succeeded one another during the 2016-2018 period. Amid a good rainy season, food security has improved, particularly in the payams that faced the direst food security conditions in early 2019, economic vulnerability has decreased by 50%, and the share of families declaring to have some saving has doubled; Still, in spite of these improvements, a very significant 20% of the population, right after harvest season, were in a condition of moderate hunger (HHS), or poor food consumption (FCS), and one third of families continue to spend more than 75% of their budgets on food. Similarly, the comeback of returnees over 2019 has visibly accelerated compared to 2018, yet around one-third of returnees find it hard to secure a stable living and is expected to join the increasing number of a floating population of returnees, who go back and forth from and to refugee camps; Finally, although households reported improved security conditions due to the subdue of clashes, the incidence of crimes has increased remarkably across Torit and expanded its geographical reach, and so did competition over natural resources, the combination of which now challenges the whole East Torit. • Focusing on farming, contrary to what reported one year before, the majority of farmers reported having expanded their land under cultivation during 2019. Moreover, in one year it has almost doubled the share of farmers cultivating communal land -- which is more likely to be used for sale than private/family gardens. In spite of such improvements, commercial farming remains marginal: only 10% of farmers use advanced tools (ox-ploughs, water pumps, etc.) or can access lending for