Volume 27, Issue 2, Fall Comparative Politics Newsletter The Organized Section in Comparative Politics of the American Political Science Association Editors: Matt Golder ([email protected]), Sona N. Golder ([email protected]) Editorial Assistant: Charles Crabtree, Jinhyuk Jang Editorial Board: Molly Ariotti, Xun Cao, Elizabeth C. Carlson, Yaoyao Dai, Kostanca Dhima, Amanda Fidalgo, Vineeta Yadav, Joseph Wright Contents Letter from the Editors byMattGolderandSonaN.Golder .....................................................................2 I. Symposium: Race and Ethnic Politics in Comparative Perspective Cognitive Biases in Ethnic Politics by Claire L. Adida and Gwyneth McClendon . 4 Diversity and Economic Outcomes: Evidence from Poland byVolhaCharnysh ..................................................11 Immigration and Ethnic Politics in Europe: Fertile Ground for Interdisciplinary Research and Theory Building by Rafaela Dancygier . 17 Misfit Politics: Identity Construction and Vote Choice byAdamHarris .........................................................22 Bringing Together Studies of Ethnic Prejudice and Ethnic Conflict in China byYueHou ..........................................28 Preserving White America: White Racial Identity and Support for Nationalist Policies by Ashley Jardina . 31 From Racial Democracy to Racial-ized Democracy in Latin America byMarcusA.Johnson,Jr. ...................................37 Electoral Institutions and Ethnic Clientelism byKristenKao ...................................................................44 Studying Minorities in the Middle East: The Kurdish Case byEkremKarakoç ...................................................50 China’s Local Ethnic Exclusion: Cross-region and Within-region Patterns in Tibet and Xinjiang byChuyuLiu ......................55 Ethnicity, Parties, and Electoral Violence in Developing Democracies byAditiMalik .............................................61 Europe’s Urban-Rural Divide on Immigration byRahsaanMaxwell .............................................................67 South Asian Americans in the post-9/11 United States: Panethnicity and Religion by Sangay Mishra . 71 Race, Ethnicity, and the Participation Gap: Comparing Australia with Canada and the United States by Juliet Pietsch . 76 Ethnic Visibility byAmandaL.Robinson ....................................................................................79 Revisiting the Relationship between Ethnic Diversity and Public Goods Provision by Prerna Singh and Matthias vom Hau . 89 Identity and Political Attitudes: What Insights Can an Alternative Measurement Strategy Provide? by Amber D. Spry . 96 II. Dataset Democratic Electoral Systems around the World, 1946-2016 by Nils-Christian Bormann, Adina Pintilie, and Jack N. Smith . 100 III. Other Call for Bids: New Editorial Team for the Comparative Politics Newsletter .....................................................104 Contributors .............................................................................................................106 http://comparativenewsletter.com/ [email protected] 1 Letter from the Editors goods provision. by Matt Golder & Sona N. Golder The Pennsylvania State University Ethnic Visibility. Two contributions touch on issues re- lated to ethnic visibility. In one contribution, Amanda Welcome to the Fall 2017 issue of the Comparative Pol- Robinson (Ohio State University) notes that most theo- itics Newsletter. Our current issue includes a sympo- retical accounts linking ethnicity to political outcomes sium on Race and Ethnicity in Comparative Perspective assumes, at least implicitly, that ethnicity is ‘visible.’ As and a brief overview of the latest update to the Demo- she notes, though, ethnicity is often not as visible as cratic Electoral Systems (DES) dataset. It also includes many of these theories assume. If there is variation in a call for bids for those interested in taking over the ed- the extent to which ethnicity is visible, then this has im- itorship of the Newsletter. plications for when and how we should expect to see ethnicity affect things like interethnic trust, political I. Symposium on Race and Ethnicity in Comparative Per- participation, ethnic party support, and politically rel- spective evant identification. Amanda describes several of her research projects looking at the effect of variation in In this issue of the Comparative Politics Newslet- ethnic visibility with respect to different political out- ter, we wanted to highlight the interesting research be- comes in Africa and the United States. Adam Harris ing conducted by primarily, but not exclusively, junior (University of Gothenburg) addresses ethnic visibility scholars in the area of race and ethnicity. In total, we from a slightly different perspective. In his contribu- have seventeen contributions, all of which address im- tion, Adam argues that group members who look visibly portant topics in the race and ethnicity literature in re- different from the modal group member are less likely gions as diverse as Europe, Africa, South America, Asia, to take actions in line with their group. To evaluate his the Middle East, North America, and Australasia. empirical claims he examines how ‘racial distance’ in skin tone from the modal group member modifies the Diversity and Public Goods Provision. Two of our impact of group membership on ‘group voting’ in South contributions challenge the consensus belief in the lit- Africa, Brazil, and the United States. erature that ethnic diversity is bad for public goods pro- vision. In her contribution, Volha Charnysh (Prince- Ethnic Violence. We have three contributions that dis- ton University) argues that ethnic homogeneity can be cuss ethnic violence. Two of these contributions ex- beneficial for public goods provision when formal in- amine ethnic conflict in China. In one contribution, stitutions provided by the state are weak but that it can Yue Hou (University of Pennsylvania) argues that there be harmful when formal institutions are strong. This should be more interaction between the literature ad- is because the informal mechanisms that promote co- dressing ethnic prejudice and the literature addressing operation in homogenous societies are ‘second best’ ethnic conflict. In doing so, she highlights recent devel- and can limit competition and breed corruption when opments in these literatures as they relate to the Xinjiang the state is sufficiently strong to provide public goods province in China. In a second contribution, Chuyu Liu such as law and order. She presents evidence in sup- (Pennsylvania State University) examines local patterns port of her argument by looking at the historical record of ethnic exclusion in Tibet and Xinjiang. Among other of public goods provision in Poland’s ‘Recovered Ter- things, Chuyu shows that the Chinese government has ritories’ — the former German territories that became responded in very different ways to the threat of ethnic part of Poland at the end of World War II. In the sec- conflict in these two regions. Our third contribution on ond contribution, Prerna Singh (Brown University) and ethnic conflict comes from Aditi Malik (College of the Mattias vom Hau (Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Interna- Holy Cross), who examines how volatility in the party cionals) provide a more general critique of those studies system influences ethnic electoral violence. Drawing reporting a causal link between ethnic diversity and on empirical evidence in India and Kenya, Aditi argues poor public goods provision. In particular, they high- that (ethnic) electoral violence is more likely in unsta- light the ahistoricity of these studies and raise concerns ble party systems where party leaders have shorter time about the decision to treat ethnic diversity as exogenous horizons and where they worry less about voter sanc- rather than as an endogenous outcome of the historical tions for engaging in violence. nation-state building process and prior levels of public http://comparativenewsletter.com/ [email protected] 2 Group Identity and Group Consciousness. Four con- ticularly with respect to identity politics in developing tributions address various aspects of group identity and countries. Drawing on an experimental study in Benin, group consciousness. In one contribution, Ashley Jar- Claire and Gwyneth find evidence of ethnically moti- dina (Duke University) discusses white racial identity vated reasoning with respect to how individuals eval- in the United States and its connections with national- uate incumbent legislators. Specifically, they find that ist policies. She argues that white racial identity is not information about incumbent legislative performance strongly associated with out-group animus or prejudice, amplifies positive (negative) views of coethnic (non- but it is strongly linked to support for nationalist poli- coethnic) incumbents. Many scholars have argued that cies relating to immigration, outsourcing, and foreign ethnic voting is a product of low-information environ- intervention. In a second contribution, Amber Spry ments. Claire and Gwyneth’s study suggests, though, (Columbia University) discusses different measurement that ethnic ties might condition information process- strategies for analyzing the relationship between group ing, with the implication that access to more political identity and political attitudes in the context of the information may reinforce, rather than reduce, ethnic United States. In particular, she argues that scholars