REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics and International Relations Facts and Comments Ömer E. LÜTEM Activities in Maraş and Its Surroundings of Organizations and Committees Established by Armenians Nejla GÜNAY no: 32 Geopolitical, Trade, and Economic Interests of Turkey and Iran in the Southern Caucasus 2015 Amur GADZHIEV Turkey’s Policies in the Southern Caucasus and Regional Security Mechanisms Andrei ARESHEV North-Western Caucasus in the Policies Pursued by Russia and the Ottoman Empire at the Final Stage of the Caucasian War Andrei BOLDYREV A Glimpse of History: How the Treaty of Kars Was Signed (March Through October, 1921) Natalia Yu. ULCHENKO The Caucasus and Transcaucasia as Part of the Ottoman Empire (16th–17th Centuries) Svetlana ORESHKOVA On A Booklet Dealing With the “Righteous Turks” Maxime GAUIN BOOK REVIEWS REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics, and International Relations 2015, No: 32 EDITOR Ömer Engin LÜTEM MANAGING EDITOR Mehmet Oğuzhan TULUN EDITORIAL BOARD In Alphabetical Order Prof. Dr. Seçil KARAL AKGÜN Alev KILIÇ (Ret. Ambassador, Prof. Dr. Sadi ÇAYCI Director of the Center for Eurasian Studies) (Başkent University) Ömer E. LÜTEM Prof. Dr. Kemal ÇİÇEK (Ret. Ambassador) (İpek University) Prof. Dr. Nurşen MAZICI Dr. Şükrü ELEKDAĞ (Marmara University) (Ret. Ambassador) Prof. Dr. Hikmet ÖZDEMİR Prof. Dr. Metin HÜLAGÜ (Political Scientist) (Erciyes University) Dr. Bilal N. ŞİMŞİR (Ret. Ambassador, Historian) ADVISORY BOARD In Alphabetical Order Ertuğrul APAKAN Prof. Dr. Justin MCCARTHY (Ret. Ambassador) (University of Louisville) Prof. Dr. Nedret KURAN BURÇOĞLU Prof. Dr. Jeremy SALT (Boğaziçi University) (Bilkent University) Ahmet Altay CENGİZER Prof. Dr. Mehmet SARAY (Ambassador) (Historian) Dr. Edward ERICKSON Prof. Dr. Norman STONE (Historian) (Bilkent University) Uluç GÜRKAN Prof. Dr. Ömer TURAN (Journalist) (Middle East Technical University) Prof. Dr.Yusuf HALAÇOĞLU Prof. Dr. Hakan YAVUZ (Member of the Parliament) (Utah University) Prof. Dr. Enver KONUKÇU PUBLISHER Ali Kenan ERBULAN Review of Armenian Studies is published biannually Review of Armenian Studies is a refereed journal. Review of Armenian Studies is indexed in EBSCO and TUBITAK-ULAKBIM databases. Articles submitted for publication are subject to peer review. The editorial board takes into consideration whether the submitted article follows the rules of scientific writing. The articles are sent to two referees known for their academic reputation in their respective areas. 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CONTENTS (İÇİNDEKİLER) Page Foreword......................................................................................................................................................5 (Önsöz) ARTICLES ...................................................................................................................................................7 (MAKALELER) Facts and Comments .......................................................................................................................7 (Olaylar ve Yorumlar) Ömer Engin LÜTEM Activities in Maraş and Its Surroundings of Organizations and Committees Established by Armenians......................................................................125 (Ermenilerin Kurdukları Cemiyetler ve Komitelerin Maraş ve Çevresindeki Faaliyetleri) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nejla GÜNAY Geopolitical, Trade, and Economic Interests of Turkey and Iran in the Southern Caucasus .......................................................................155 (Türkiye ve İranʼın Güney Kafkasyaʼdaki Jeopolitik, Ticari ve Ekonomik Çıkarları) Dr. Amur GADZHIEV Turkeyʼs Policies in the Southern Caucasus and Regional Security Mechanisms......................................................................................171 (Türkiyeʼnin Güney Kafkasyaʼdaki Politikaları ve Bölgesel Güvenlik Mekanizmaları) Andrei ARESHEV CONTENTS North-Western Caucasus in the Policies Pursued by Russia and the Ottoman Empire at the Final Stage of the Caucasian War .......................187 (Kafkasya Savaşının Son Aşamasında Kuzey Batı Kafkasyaʼda Rusya ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğuʼnun İzlediği Politikalar) Dr. Andrei BOLDYREV A Glimpse of History: How the Treaty of Kars Was Signed (March Through October, 1921) .............................................................................................199 (Tarihe Kısa Bir Bakış: Kars Antlaşması Nasıl İmzalandı (Mart-Ekim 1921)?) Dr. Natalia Yu. ULCHENKO The Caucasus and Transcaucasia as Part of the Ottoman Empire (16th–17th Centuries) ................................................................................209 (Osmanlı İmparatorluğuʼnun Bir Parçası Olarak Kafkasya ve Transkafkasya) Dr. Svetlana ORESHKOVA On A Booklet Dealing With the “Righteous Turks” .........................................................225 (“Hakkaniyetli Türkler” Üzerine Bir Kitapçıkla İlgili Değerlendirme) Maxime GAUIN Review of Armenian Studies 3 No. 32, 2015 BOOK REVIEWS.................................................................................................................................253 (KİTAP TAHLİLLERİ) “Détruire Les Arméniens” .........................................................................................................257 (“Ermenileri Yok Etmek”) Şakire FURTUN “Understanding the Turkish-Armenian Controversy Over 1915”...............................199 (“1915ʼle İlgili Türk-Ermeni Anlaşmazlığını Anlamak”) Yunus KAPLAN “Historical Archives and the Historiansʼ Commission to Investigate the Armenian Events of 1915” ........................................................................263 (“1915 Ermeni Olaylarının Araştırılmasıyla İlgili Olarak Tarihi Arşivler ve Tarihçiler Komisyonu”) Özge Nur ÖĞÜTCÜ EDITORIAL NOTE s always, “Facts and Comments” is the first article of this issue and covers the developments in Turkish-Armenian relations, Armenian AResettlement’s centennial commemorations, the recognition of the Armenian genocide allegations by several countries and international organizations, and Turkey’s reaction in this regard. It also analyzes the Perinçek case in the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Lastly, it reveals that several political and legal developments in 2015 ran counter to the “independent Nagorno-Karabakh” claims. Armenians and the Diaspora were expecting that the “Armenian cause” would gain support worldwide in 2015. In reality, support for their cause was limited. Furthermore, the Perinçek case in ECtHR also harmed the claim that the “Armenian genocide” was an indisputable fact, and invalidated the expectation of punishing those who reject the Armenian genocide allegations. On the other hand, a verdict of ECtHR and several developments in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe proved that the recognition of Nagorno-Karabakh as an independent state was not possible. In brief, it is possible to state that 2015 was not a good year in terms of Armenians’ policies. Necla Günay’s article titled “Activities in Maraş and Its Surroundings of Organizations and Committees Established by Armenians” explains that, EDITORIAL NOTE after the enactment of the Edicts of Reorganization and Reform, Armenians took the Balkan peoples’ attainment of independence as an example for themselves, that they carried out insurrections to first attain autonomy and second attain independence, and that they sought to receive help from foreign powers for their objectives. In this context, the article also analyzes the organizational capacity building and activities carried out Armenians. Furthermore, this article presents the actions of Armenians in Maraş and its surroundings during and after World War I. This article is especially important in the sense that it is based on the use of original Ottoman documents. This issue contains articles penned by Russian authors on various problems in the Caucasus. These articles look into a number of topics pertaining to South