CONFIDENTIAL. FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. SMUD Smart Charging Pilot Program EPRI Infrastructure Working Council March 28, 2012 Dwight MacCurdy Powering forward. Together. DOE Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) Acknowledgement • Acknowledgement: “This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number OE000214.” • Disclaimer: “This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.” 2 SACRAMENTO MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT • 595,000 accounts 527,000 residential accounts Peak demand of 3,299 MW in 2006 Service area population 1.4 million ~ 100,000 participants in SMUD’S Air Conditioning Load Management Program ~ 70,000 transformers 3 SMART CHARGING PILOT PROGRAM: RESEARCH DESIGN • Up to 180 Participants in 3 or 4 treatment groups • For 2012 -- 2 or 3 new experimental rate offerings • Whole house EV TOU rate for Level 1 charging (not Level 2) • Submetered EV TOU rate (not whole house) with demand charge penalty above 2 kW for charging during peak hours on event days (12 days) for Level 1 or Level 2 charging • BUT, how can participants easily adjust to event-day dynamic pricing? What type of manual or automated control is needed in the car, or the EVSE, to make this effortless? • Possibly one other submetered rate offering for L1 and L2 4 Annual System Upgrade Costs $10,000,000 $20,000,000 $30,000,000 $40,000,000 $50,000,000 $60,000,000 $0 100% Coincidence Except for Sequential Smart Charging Smart Sequential for Except Coincidence 100% 2011 - (500 EV's) Costs Upgrade System Annual 2012 - (1,000 EV's) 2013 - (2,000 EV's) 2014 - (5,000 EV's) 2015 - (10,000 EV's) Year (Cumulative (Cumulative # EV's Installed) Year 2016 - (15,000 EV's) 2017 - (21,000 EV's) 2018 - (30,000 EV's) 2019 - (40,000 EV's) 2020 - (51,000 EV's) 2021 - (70,000 EV's) for Residential Charging for Residential 2022 - (90,000 EV's) 2023 - (115,000 EV's) 2024 - (140,000 EV's) 2025 - (164,000 EV's) 2026 - (194,4000 EV's) 2027 - (224,800 EV's) 2028 - (255,200 EV's) 8 P.M. 8 2029 - (285,600 EV's) MANAGED CHARGING MANAGED 2030 - (316,000 EV's) (6.6 2 A.M. 2 A.M. 12 A.M. 2 P.M. 8 A.M. 12 P.M. 8 2 A.M. 12 KW) A.M. (2.0 (3.3 (2.0 (3.3 (6.6 (2.0 (3.3 (6.6 KW) KW) KW) KW) KW KW) KW) KW) ) SMART CHARGING PILOT PROGRAM: RESEARCH DESIGN • For 2013 -- Submetered EV TOU rate with “managed” charging during the summer. Communicating EVSE provided at no or low cost for up to 60 participants. • Shed signal from DRMS to EVSE • Billing systems will be fully interoperable. • Pricing info via gateway to EVSE in 2014 • SMUD DRMS will trigger load shed events for up to 12 days/summer that drops Level 2 EVSE load to 1. 4 kW during peak (Level 1 equivalent, 6A @ 240V) • Summer peak from 2 pm to 2 am on critical days (12 event days, e.g. > 100 F) • Summer peak from 2 pm to midnight on non-critical days (non-event days) 6 SMART CHARGING PILOT PROGRAM: RESEARCH DESIGN A B C 7 • Radio 8 • Radio 9 Communication Paths for EVSE with “Managed Charging”: Dispatched by DRMS • Radio SMART CHARGING PILOT FUTURE Preferred Zigbee SEP1.1 “Direct To AutoDR through SEP1.1 over Grid” SSN Zigbee Radio 2.0 DRAS Broadband: Protocol in EVSE Wifi Radio Radio in Server To Talks to EV In EVSE for NIC Module EVSE EVSE Submeter Shed Signal in EVSE for with PLC DRAS To Receive through Load Shed Bridge Client Load Shed HAN Commands To with PLC Commands Gateway 1/ with HCM Vehicle to PEV 1/ Must Be SMUD Broadband Head End Software 10 Where Is the Win-Win for the Customer and the Utility ? • Leverage existing utility AMI infrastructure investment • Encourage off peak charging – lowest cost of service for all • Convey pricing signals – transformer replacement cost • Allow for Customer choice – customer satisfaction 11 Where Is the Win-Win for the Customer and the Utility ? • To minimize cost/complexity, the EVSE communications path is tied to DRMS communications path – zigbee / SEP2.0 / PLC, open standards, but with backups in mind • Zigbee communications to EVSE represents the most ubiquitous & flexible solution with AMI • In the long run how do we simplify metering and maintain revenue grade metrology? 3 meters? Primary meter, EV submeter, PV submeter? Or, single integrated meter with multiple metrology boards/circuits? • SMUD direction -- PLC from EVSE to EV 12 THANK YOU! Dwight MacCurdy [email protected] IWC – Atlanta, GA March 28th, 2012 FACTS ABOUT DUKE ENERGY 150+ years of service 4 million customers 5 states: NC, SC, IN, KY, OH Fortune 500 $50 billion in assets Stock dividends for 80+ years Traded on NYSE as DUK Dow Jones Sustainability Index 2 PEV NPD Project : Duke Energy PROPRIETARY – Use pursuant to Company instructions. Utility testing through vehicle telematics • In a lab test with Onstar, we were able to: • Determine the customer preferences loaded in the vehicle • Determine the current state of charge of the vehicle • Determine which program the customer was enrolled in • Reduce the charge of the vehicle to 1.2 kw, to match the output of the solar panels in the lab 3 PEV NPD Project : Duke Energy PROPRIETARY – Use pursuant to Company instructions. Utility testing through an “intelligent” EVSE NOTE: the intelligent EVSE was tested against many more use cases than the testing done with Onstar. These preliminary recommendations should not be interpreted that the vehicle telematics solution is more robust than the intelligent charging station solution. • Use cases: • Start/Stop Commands • Curtailment Commands • Override Capabilities • Conflict Scenarios – Vehicle vs. EVSE • Results: • Overall testing went well. Basic functionality worked as expected • Preliminary Recommendations: • Provide customer override functionality • During a load shed event the EVSE should show an indication of the event. • Ensure that DR functionality works independent of whether the vehicle is tethered at the time the event is called 4 PEV NPD Project : Duke Energy PROPRIETARY – Use pursuant to Company instructions. What is the right solution for a Utility and the Customer? Car “Smarts” EVSE “Smarts” Fusion Challenges Challenges Many car companies to consider Many EVSE companies to consider OEM desire to answer simple External sub metering is expensive question, “How much does it cost to High cost of equipment, installation charge”? and communications Long term implications of telematics Proprietary / non standard interfaces contracts expiring communications Proprietary / non standard interfaces communications 5 PEV NPD Project : Duke Energy PROPRIETARY – Use pursuant to Company instructions. “Focus and simplicity. Simple can be harder than complex” - Steve Jobs • In the near term, utilities should look for low cost, flexible solutions • Utilities have been managing the load of air conditioners for years with simple, low cost commodity load control devices • As we move to two way communications and AMI, do we need a solution similar to what the USB port was to the PC years ago? • When possible, avoid a separate meter for PEV rates • Whole house TOU rates that incent PEV owners to charge on off peak hours • Challenge your rates department and PUCs to consider non-traditional metering approaches • Vehicle and EVSE OEMs should continue to innovate to further evolve the customer experience for PEV drivers • Onstar opening up their API’s to cultivate innovation in mobile applications and customer experience 6 PEV NPD Project : Duke Energy PROPRIETARY – Use pursuant to Company instructions. It seems like it was just yesterday…wasn’t it???? • Johnny Carson retires and Jay Leno became host of NBC Tonight Show • The largest shopping mall in the US was constructed..."Mall of America" • Sinéad O'Connor rips a photo of Pope John Paul II on Saturday Night Live, causing huge controversy. • The Bodyguard, starring Kevin Costner and Whitney Houston, debuts in cinemas; • Governor Bill Clinton became the 42nd President of the United States. That was 20 years ago!!! We have time!!!! 7 PEV NPD Project : Duke Energy PROPRIETARY – Use pursuant to Company instructions. Stay focused and stay engaged…we are making a difference! 8 PEV NPD Project : Duke Energy PROPRIETARY – Use pursuant to Company instructions. PEV PLC Communications (IEC/ISO, SAE Standardization) Slav Berezin General Motors PEV Communications topology Else Grid/ Owner Operators PEV EVSE HAN/EMS (AC/DC) PEV will be communicating with all! March 28, 2012 Slav Berezin 2 PLC standard • PLC is standardized as the primary PEV Communications protocol – Utilities specified PLC as the most reliable solution (August 2008) • Association with EUMD/ESI is needed to offer EV services/tariffs – OEMs have agreed to PLC as the international standard (May 2011) • PLC is absolutely required to facilitate communications with DC Off-board charger – HomePlug GP has been selected by ISO/IEC (January 2012) and SAE (March 2012) as a PLC technology of choice. • IEC/ISO and SAE are harmonizing on a single international PLC solution for PEV Communications – Premise is the same stack support PEV to EVSE/Utility communications and DC Off-board Charging • Minimizes development and integration costs • Provides better economies of scale and ensures interoperability – Provides simple uniformity to the utility industry for integration of PEV with their architectures March 28, 2012 Slav Berezin 3 ISO/IEC to SAE documents mapping Layer ISO/IEC 15118 Vehicle to grid communication interface SAE J2836/1, J2836/2 Part 1: General information and Use cases for Communications.