Nichita Stanescu National College - Ploiesti Romania PROJECT ERASMUS + K2 https://erasmusplusccc.wordpress.com “Concept, Contact: Cooperation, Ploiesti, str. Nalbei nr.3 Creation – CCC” Telefon: 0040.244.599540 Fax: 0040.244.599540 email: [email protected] www.colegiul-nichita.ro 2015 - 2017 Partners: Istanbul Ticaret Odasi Ilkogretim Okulu - Turkey Gimnazjum Nr 20 IM. Hanzy Gdansk- Poland Nichita Stanescu National College - Romania The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission Answers: cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information Exercise 1: 1.lift 2. higher 3.gravity 4.weight 5.greater contained therein. 6.thrust 7.engine 8.drag 9. more 10. roll - pitch - yaw Airplane Parts and Functions: a-5; b-1; c-6; d-10; e-8; f-2; g-3; h-11; i-9; j-4; k-7; l-12. Authors: Students: Beraru Alexandru Coarnă Mihai Razvan Kromek Eduard Andrei Manea-Banica Costin Vacălie Ana-Maria Teachers : Argesanu Carmen Answers: Exercise 2: Totolici Ioana A. 1. d 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. c 6. c 7. a 8. d Rusu Cristina B. 1.flapping /non-flapping or gliding Badea Daniela 2.soaring or gliding Barbu Corina 3.vultures, pelicans, storks Constantin Mihaela 4.lift, drag Craciun Liliana 5. larger 6. small 7. heavy 8.action 9.reaction 10. wings/wings Discoveries and AUREL VLAICU I Inventions Henri Coandă`s jet airplane – Coandă - 1910 In 1911 at Reims, H. Coanda presented a two-engine airplane with Aurel Vlaicu, one of the pioneers of Romanian aviation, designed only one propeller. and built one of the first Romanian gliders which were followed by two 1911-1914 As a technical manager of the Bristol Airplane monoplanes: A.Vlaicu No.I (1910) and A.Vlaicu Nr.II (1911).He Company,Henri Coandă designed more “classical” airplanes (with competed with the latter at the International Flight Week in Aspern- propellers) known as the Bristol-Coanda Monoplanes. In 1912 one of Vienna and got international recognition. these planes won the first prize at the British Military Airplane A. Vlaicu No.I had a10 m long central aluminium tubing which Competition. represented the base that supported all the plane components. The Between 1914-1918 he designed three types of airplanes, among them Coandă -1916, with two propellers mounted close to the tail undercarriage consisted of two independent wheels, with tyres and (like the well known 'Caravelle' transport airplane; in fact Coanda rubber shock absorbers. The monoplane was equipped with a 50 HP took part in the design of this airplane as a technical consultant. engine. Two propellers that had been invented and built by Vlaicu were The invention of a new type of construction material known as 'beton made to move by this engine. The components were placed so that the -bois', used for architectural decorations (the Palace of Culture in plane could have a very low centre of gravity and an increased stability. Iasi, built in 1925, was entirely decorated using Coanda's material). 1926: Coanda designed a device for detecting the liquids in the soil, In 1910, A.Vlaicu No. in Romania. It was used for oil-gas extraction . I participated in the general 'Coanda Effect'. Henri made his discovery while he was testing his manoeuvres of the Romanian first jet airplane, Coanda-1910. After the plane took off, Coanda observed that the flames and burned gases exhausted from the engine army, the use of aviation for tended to remain very close to the fuselage. For a long time this military purposes being a phenomenon of the burned gases and flames hugging the fuselage premiere for our country. remained a great mystery which he explored by exchanging opinions Romania was the second with specialists in aerodynamics around the world. After studies country in the world that used which lasted more than 20 years, (carried out by Coanda and other this kind of weapon. scientists) it was recognized as a new aeronautical effect. Professor Albert Metral named the phenomenon “Coanda Effect”. In 1970 Henri Coanda became a member of the Romanian Academy. Henri Coandă Henri Marie Coanda (7 June 1886 – 25 A.Vlaicu Nr. II November 1972) was a Romanian academician and engineer, a pioneer of aviation and a physicist; he was also the jet engine inventor and the discoverer of the effect that bears his name. A.Vlaicu No.II was a variant of A.Vlaicu I with some improvements Henri Coanda had the opportunity of and changes. The central aluminium tubing supporting the plane meeting Gustave Eiffel and Paul Painlevé who components was shortened, the pilot`s cabin was covered in cloth, the helped him to obtain official approval for his designs . Henri wheel had a reduced diameter, the back wheel had a brake attached to Coanda made the necessary aerodynamic experiments and it ,there were more onboard devices. The propellers were also made of constructed the first reaction propulsion engine plane, in fact a wood like the previous ones, but their conception was new, original. jet engine plane, with no propeller, which he displayed The plane was put in motion by a rotary engine which weighed only 30 publicly at the second International Aeronautic Salon in Paris kilos and was able to develop 50HP and a speed of 110km/h. In that year. The aircraft used a 4-cylinder piston engine to power contrast to other contemporary planes, A. Vlaicu II was lighter and this a rotary compressor which was intended to propel the craft by quality offered it better steering and tighter banking. a combination of suction at the front and airflow out the rear Aurel Vlaicu died on 13 September 1913 on the outskirts of instead of using a propeller. Câmpina , while trying to be the first to fly across the Carpathian Between 1911 and 1914, Henri Coanda worked as the technical Mountains; it seems that the plane crash was caused by the pilot`s manager of the Bristol Airplane Company in the United heart attack. He was buried in Bellu cemetery, in Bucharest, and was Kingdom. During the following years he returned to France posthumously elected to the Romanian Academy in 1948. where he built a scouting plane in 1916; it was quite appreciated at that time. He also invented the first car-sled which was propelled by a jet engine and the first aerodynamic train in the world. Vuia I Traian Vuia Airplane Traian Vuia, another pioneer of Romanian aviation was born in st Surducul Mic, a village in Banat region, (today - Traian Vuia On 1 July 1902 he arrived in Paris with the project of an village), in 1872. He attended primary school in Bujor and Faget original “airplane-car”, created during his University years and high school in Lugoj. together with the experimental model which he had built during a whole year. During the winter of 1902/1903 Vuia started After graduating from the University of Budapest, he went on studying the problem of human flight and started building his building his airplane, improving minutely the plans he had first flying machine, which he called “the airplane-car”. He went conceived in Lugoj, in 1901. He succeeded in overcoming other to Paris where he hoped to find someone interested in financing financial problems and started building an engine of his own his project but he encountered the skepticism of people who design. The mechanical part was finished in February 1905 and believed that a heavier-than-air machine could not fly. Then Vuia the whole airplane was constructed by the end of December and it was called Vuia I or The Bat because of its special shape. Its visited Victor Tatin, a famous theoretician who had built an 2 experimental aircraft model in 1879. Tatin was really interested in total weight was 250 kilos; it had a supporting surface of 14m Vuia`s project, but he tried to convince Vuia that his aircraft did and a 20 HP engine. The first test was in 1905 and it was similar not have an appropriate engine and it was unstable. But Vuia kept to testing a car: with the wings removed so that the pilot could on promoting his project and sent it to the Academie des Sciences gain experience in operating the plane. in Paris, on 16 February 1903, presenting the take-off procedure Vuia I travelled through the air for the first time in Montesson, of an aircraft which was heavier than air. near Paris, on 18 March 1906. Traian Vuia was elected to the Romanian Academy on 27 May 1946. Figure 1: Principles of an airfoil Lable the parts of an airplane: Figure 2: Forces in Flight 1. Horizontal Stabilizer – Control Pitch 2. Fuselage – Hold Things Together – Carry Payload 3. Slats – Increase Lift 4. Flaps – Increase Lift and Drag 5. Vertical Stabilizer – Control Yaw 6. Wing – Generate Lift 7. Elevator – Change Pitch 8. Cockpit – Command and Control 9. Aileron – Change Roll 10. Turbine engine – Generate Thrust 11. Spoiler – Change Lift, Drag and Roll 12. Rudder – Change Yaw 3. The following birds are good flyers: Task 1 a. the ostrich b. the falcon c. the hen d.the turkey The four forces in flight 4. The following birds fly at sharp angles: are:____________________________________ a. starlings d. cranes c. geese d. ducks 1. _________ is the upward force that opposes the force of gravity. 2. Lift occurs because the air pressure on the top surface of an airfoil 5. The chest bone is well developed in the following birds: (wing) is ______ than the air pressure beneath the airfoil.