HANDBOOK OF COMPARATIVE COMMUNICATION RESEARCH Edited by Frank Esser Thomas Hanitzsch О Routledge g^^ Taylor & Francis Group NEW YORK AND LONDON Contents Series Editor's Foreword ix ROBERT Т. CRAIG Foreword xi JAY G. BLUMLER Contributors xv PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 On the Why and How of Comparative Inquiry in Communication Studies FRANK ESSER AND THOMAS HANITZSCH PART II: DISCIPLINARY DEVELOPMENTS 2 Comparing Political Communication 25 BARBARA PFETSCH AND FRANK ESSER 3 Comparing Organizational and Business Communication 48 BERNARD MCKENNA, VICTOR J. CALLAN, AND CINDY GALLOIS 4 Comparing Development Communication 64 JAN SERVAES 5 Comparing Computer-Mediated Communication 81 KEVIN B. WRIGHT AND JOSHUA AVERBECK 6 Comparing Visual Communication 94 MARION G. MÜLLER AND MICHAEL GRIFFIN 7 Comparing Intercultural Communication 119 YOUNG YUN KIM 8 Comparing Language and Social Interaction 134 DAVID BOROMISZA-HABASHI AND SUSANA MARTINEZ-GUILLEM 9 Comparing Gender and Communication 148 GERTRUDE J. ROBINSON AND PATRICE M. BUZZANELL v vi CONTENTS 10 Comparing Health Communication 161 JOHN С. POLLOCK AND DOUGLAS STOREY PART III: CENTRAL RESEARCH AREAS 11 Comparing Media Systems 185 JONATHAN HARDY 12 Comparing Media Systems: A Response to Critics 207 DANIEL С HALLIN AND PAOLO MANCINI 13 Comparing Media Policy and Regulation 221 MANUEL PUPPIS AND LEEN D'HAENENS 14 Comparing Media Markets 234 ROBERT G. PICARD AND LORIS RUSSI 15 Comparing Media Cultures 249 NICK COULDRY AND ANDREAS HEPP 16 Comparing Journalism Cultures 262 THOMAS HANITZSCH AND WOLFGANG DONSBACH 17 Comparing Public Relations 276 KATERINA TSETSURA AND ANNA KLYUEVA 18 Comparing Election Campaign Communication 289 FRANK ESSER AND JESPER STRÖMBÄCK 19 Comparing News on National Elections 308 FRANK ESSER AND JESPER STRÖMBÄCK 20 Comparing News on Europe: Elections and Beyond 327 CLAES Н. DE VREESE AND HAJO G. BOOMGAARDEN 21 Comparing News on Foreign and International Affairs 341 PAMELA J. SHOEMAKER, AKIBA A. COHEN, HYUNJIN SEO, AND PHILIP JOHNSON 22 Comparing Cross-Border Information Flows and Their Effects 353 PIPPA NORMS 23 Comparing Entertainment and Emotions 370 HOLGER SCHRAMM AND MARY BETH OLIVER 24 Comparing Media Use and Reception 382 UWE HASEBRINK CONTENTS VÜ 25 Comparing Effects of Political Communication 400 RÜDIGER SCHMITT-BECK PART IV: CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 26 Challenges to Comparative Research in a Globalizing Media Landscape 415 SONIA LIVINGSTONE 27 Comparative Research Designs: Toward a Multilevel Approach 430 JACK M. MCLEOD AND NAM-JIN LEE 28 Comparative Survey Research 445 JANET A. HARKNESS 29 Comparative Content Analysis 459 PATRICK RÖSSLER 30 Securing Equivalence: Problems and Solutions 469 WERNER WIRTH AND STEFFEN KOLB 31 Analyzing Comparative Data: Opportunities and Challenges 486 RENS VLIEGENTHART PART V: CONCLUSION 32 Challenges and Perspectives of Comparative Communication Inquiry 501 THOMAS HANITZSCH AND FRANK ESSER Index 517 .