G RE E K AN D ROMAN M YTH O LOGY AN D H E R O I C LE GEN D By E D I N P ROFES SOR H . ST U G Translated from th e German and edited b y A M D i . A D TT . L tt LI ONEL B RN E , , TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE S Y a l TUD of Greek religion needs no po ogy , and should This mus v n need no bush . all t feel who ha e looked upo the ns ns and n creatio of the art it i pired . But to purify stre gthen admiration by the higher light of knowledge is no work o f ea se . No truth is more vital than the seemi ng paradox whi c h - declares that Greek myths are not nature myths . The ape - is not further removed from the man than is the nature myth from the religious fancy of the Greeks as we meet them in s Greek is and hi tory . The myth the child of the devout lovely imagi nation o f the noble rac e that dwelt around the e e s n s s u s A ga an. Coar e fa ta ie of br ti h forefathers in their Northern homes softened beneath the southern sun into a pure and u and s godly bea ty, thus gave birth to the divine form of n Hellenic religio . M c an c u s m c an s Comparative ythology tea h uch . It hew how god s are born in the mind o f the savage and moulded c nn into his image . But it a ot reveal to us the heart of th e G n s reek as his devout thoughts tur ed towards his god . Greece sees G o d with her o wn eyes ; and if we would share the loveliness of her vision we must put away from o ur thoughts the uncouth forms which had been worn by her ’ s c o ff ber s northern forefather deities , the slough ast by god s as they grew into shapes of godline s and beauty . True it is that in regions where nature and history hindered Greek n was religion from developing its pote tial riches, that slough still often trailed by the figures of po pular faith ; but these ex c eptions point all the more effectively the lesson of e v o lu n in tio Greek religion . ’ lv TRANSLATO R S PREFACE While the plastic fancy of the Greek was actively t e modelling the uncouth and formless con c eptions of barbarous a m s R n faith into mor l and hu an personalitie , the oman went o ff c . s n n o f R c a di erent ourse The ter ly legal mi d ome, whi h looked upon the person merely as a unit in corporations ruled u by definite law, was little likely to lend h man personality to o f n s numirza. s s its conceptions divi e force , its In tead of god it worshipped deified functions ; and as the whole sphere of ’ the c ommunity s political and soc ial life was methodi c ally o ut n s u s ns and o f s mapped i to division and s bdivi io , each the e was ut s n o wn i s s p under the pre ide cy of its de fied elf, the re ult n m c c was the I digita enta, in whose mathemati al pre ision the s f R c its c legal pirit o oman religion rea hed limax . Then s n followed the inru h of foreign worships, and the ative religion died . Thus there are few more i nstr uctive studies than that of the R god s of G reece and the deities of ome . And withal it is a study which of late years has met with little general recog nitio n En n m in gla d , if we can judge by the nu ber of reason n s ably scientific books treati g of it . The pre ent translation ’ o f Professor Steuding s valuable little work has been brought o ut in the hope that the interest o f the publi c is but slumber I n but s al ing . have added nothi g a few note to the origin , I o wn and have altered little, even in parts where my judgment led me to di ssent from the learned author . A few ns and u s illustratio have been put in , the marks of the q antitie tran sferred from the text to the index . B M SS. tment Or P . (7 D epar of . Bri ti sh M u seum. C O N T ENTS Gre e k My th o lo g y BEGI I GS OF G RE EK BELI EF AN D W O RSH I P NN N , — 1 1 2 . — 1. O 1 G H STS , 3 - I I . T W O L OW : O NE HER R D P ERS HER ES , 4 , 5 m 6 . OW NATURE AND ELEMENTAL P ERS, - I . W O I 1 2 V RSH P , 7 GRE EK RELIG I ON F RO M TH E BEG INNING O F TH E H O M E RIC AGE 1 — 2 2 , 3 O DETERM I NED C I I 1 1 G DS AND LASS F ED, 3 , 4 T W O 1 —1 8 HE NETHER RLD, 5 I FT 1 L FE A ER DEATH , 5 I Y 1 2 0 ER N ES , 9 , I 2 1 HARP ES , K I O 2 2 2 AS LEP S , , 3 2 . HADES, 4 O Y I Dmri Es 2 L MP AN , g 5 1. Z I CI C : EUS AND H S R LE HERA , C R I 1 HA TES, 4 ma s s, O I H RA , 4 3 KO : ELEU e rAN my s GE, DEMETER AND RE TERI ES — 2 , 44 5 T I O O I A HENA, HEPHA ST S , PR METHEUS , HEST A , — 5 3 66 CON TENTS PAGE — I V. O LO T I K TE 6 8 1 AP L N , AR EM S , HE A , 7 — V . sATYRs 8 2 0 HERMES , THE , AND PAN , 9 O I O I C1RCLE 1 — P SE D N AND H S , 9 99 PERSONI FI CA‘I‘I ONS OF THE HEAVENLY BODI ES - - O I I 1 00 1 0 . AND THER NATURE DE T ES, 4 — I I I . O I 1 0 1 1 2 V ARES AND APHR D TE , 5 — I X . I I O o r I O Y O 1 1 1 1 8 THE REL G N D N S S , 3 — X . O o r 1 1 1 2 2 THE G DDESSES FATE , 9 H E RO IC PO ETRY TH EBEs : KADM O S 1 2 ANTi O PE 1 2 , § 3 ; , § 4 ; I OB N E , I I . O I 1 2 6 DANAo s 1 2 ARG L S ; , 7 ; 1 2 8 TANTALOS 1 2 —1 1 PERSEUS , ; , 9 3 I I I . CO I : Si SYPH OS 1 2 B O O R NTH , § 3 ; ELLER PH NTES , 1 3 3 KO I : D105 K0R01 1 1 LA N A , § 3 4 ; HELENA , § 3 5 K 1 6—1 HERA LES, 3 49 1 0—1 8 THESEUS , 5 5 M ELEAG ROS T o r KALYD ON AND THE HUN , 1 1 60 59 , — I I I . O 1 6 1 1 66 V THE ARG NAUTS, - 1 6 1 . I X . B CYC THE THE AN LE , 7 74 X . Ac HAi AN O CYCL 1 THE AND TR JAN E , 75 1 8 6 h l 1 8 ff. Ro man My t o o g y , 7 1NDETERM1NATELY CON CEIVED BEi NG s 2 11 1 8 8 LAREs MANES ; ( ) GEN , § ; (3 ) ; 1 8 1ND10 ETES 1 0 (4 ) PENATES, § 9 ; (5 ) , § 9 C CON TENTS V ~ PAG E 1 - 1. NATURE SP I R ITS AND DEITI ES AKI N To TH E SP I R ITS OF ACTI ONS 1 ) DEm Es o r I 1 1 I - O 1 2 SPR NGS 9 ; R VER G DS , 9 ; 1 2 m m 1 9 3 ; ( ) , 94. 1 1 6 O C 1 9 5 ; VESTA , § 9 ; V L ANUS , 9 7; SATU RNU s CO O 1 8 , N SUS , AND PS , 9 ; DE1T1Es o r I I Y (3 ) FERT L T FAUNUS , 1 I I B 99 ; S LVANUS , L ER , AND VERTUMNUS , 2 00 O I ; FAUNA AND FER N A , O 2 0 2 DI ANA 2 0 FL RA AND PALES, ; , 3 ; 2 0 2 0 U 1R1NU S 2 06 (4 ) MARS, 4, 5 ; Q , § I UPPI TER 2 0 - 2 1 0 mm 2 1 1 2 1 2 , 7 ; , , DE1T1Es O : O C I L F DEATH R US, MAN A , ARA , s 2 1 3 v . O I IC I O 2 1 PERS N F AT NS, 4 - v i . I I O FO I OR101N 2 1 2 1 8 DE T ES F RE GN , 5 BI BLI OGRAPH Y INDE X GREEK MYTH OLOGY li f d Be g i n nin g s o f G re ek Be e an W o rsh ip .