Damage Control in Trauma Care An Evolving Comprehensive Team Approach Juan Duchesne Kenji Inaba Mansoor Ali Khan Editors https://t.me/MedicalBooksStore 123 Damage Control in Trauma Care Juan Duchesne • Kenji Inaba Mansoor Ali Khan Editors Damage Control in Trauma Care An Evolving Comprehensive Team Approach Editors Juan Duchesne Kenji Inaba Tulane School of Medicine LAC+USC Medical Center New Orleans University of Southern California Louisiana Los Angeles USA California USA Mansoor Ali Khan St Mary’s Hospital Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London United Kingdom ISBN 978-3-319-72606-9 ISBN 978-3-319-72607-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72607-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018937983 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland To my loving wife, Tricia, and all of our kids, Isabella, Esteban, Gabriella, Brook, Samantha and Alix, for always keeping me in check. Thanks to my friend and mentor Norman McSwain for his Tsa-La-Gi leadership and for always reminding us: “what have you done today for the good of mankind….” You will be missed. Juan C. Duchesne M.D., F.A.C.S., F.C.C.M., F.C.C.P. To my darling wife, Mehmooda, without whose support I would not have been able to pursue my career in Medicine, never mind Trauma Surgery. To my children, Zain, Mohsin and Zara, who have always provided me with a welcome distraction and unconditional (most of the time) love. And above all, to my mother and father who sacrificed much so that I was never left wanting. And a special thanks to my dear friend the late Colonel Peter Roberts for two decades of priceless mentorship. Mansoor A. Khan M.B.B.S.(Lond), Ph.D., F.R.C.S., F.E.B.S., F.A.C.S. To my wife, Susie, and son, Koji, thank you for all of your support. Kenji Inaba, M.D., F.A.C.S., F.R.C.S.C. Foreword Originally coined by the US Navy in reference to techniques for salvaging a ship that had sustained serious damage, the term “damage control” has been adapted to truncating initial surgical procedures on severely injured patients in order to expedite re-establishing a survivable physiological status. After initial temporizing procedures, patients then undergo aggressive correction of their coagulopathy, hypothermia, and acidosis in the intensive care unit before returning to the operating room for the definitive repair of their injuries. This approach has been shown to lead to better-than-expected survival rates for patients with severe trauma. In order to maximize outcomes in this group of patients’ damage control encompass not only intra-abdominal interventions but rather all interventions from first contact on the scene by paramedics, dif- ferent modalities of resuscitation on the field and throughout the hospital and breaking through surgical interventions by different modalities. The book Damage Control in Trauma Care describes in detail the history behind the origin of damage control surgery to the most up-to-date advances in research by experts in the field. New Orleans, LA, USA Juan Duchesne vii Contents 1 Origin of the Bogota Bag and Its Application . 1 David V. Feliciano and Oswaldo A. Borraez Gaona 2 Applications of Damage Control Surgery in Modern Civilian Trauma Care ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 Derek J. Roberts 3 Damage Control Surgery: Military ���������������������������������������������� 25 Carlos Rodriguez and Peter Rhee 4 En Route Care �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 45 Joel Elterman, Daniel Cox, and Jay Johannigman 5 Adaptation of Military Damage Control in Civilian Settings ������ 63 Kelly A. Fair and Martin A. Schreiber 6 Prehospital Damage Control Resuscitation . 71 Timothy E. Scott and Lance Stuke 7 Damage Control Surgery . 85 Elizabeth Benjamin, Kenji Inaba, and Demetrios Demetriades 8 Role of a Hybrid Room in Damage Control Surgery . 93 Dushyant Iyer, Chad G. Ball, and Scott K. D’Amours 9 Damage Control Neurosurgery . 99 Mark H. Wilson 10 Damage Control Orthopaedics . 109 Daniel Benz and Zsolt J. Balogh 11 Open Damage Control Vascular Surgery ������������������������������������ 123 Joseph M. White and Todd E. Rasmussen 12 Endovascular Techniques in Hemorrhage Control and Resuscitation . 139 Joe DuBose and Todd E. Rasmussen 13 Damage Control Cardiothoracic Surgery ������������������������������������ 153 J. Shaw, Bradley J. Phillips, and Juan A. Asensio 14 Damage Control in Pediatric Patients ������������������������������������������ 169 R. Todd Maxson ix x Contents 15 Damage Control Resuscitation in Surgical Critical Care ���������� 181 Asanthi Ratnasekera, Patrick Reilly, and Paula Ferrada 16 Damage Control Anesthesia ���������������������������������������������������������� 193 Shihab Sugeir, Itamar Grunstein, and Joshua M. Tobin 17 Are We Doing Too Much Damage Control? �������������������������������� 209 John A. Harvin 18 Coagulation Perturbations After Severe Injury: Translational Approaches and the State of the Science �������������� 215 Mitchell Jay Cohen 19 Evolution of Resuscitation: What Is Damage Control Resuscitation? . 223 Kyle J. Kalkwarf and John B. Holcomb 20 Adjuncts to Resuscitation �������������������������������������������������������������� 233 Ryan A. Lawless and Bryan A. Cotton 21 Damage Control in the Austere Environment . 247 D.M. Nott 22 Damage Control Surgery and the Boston Marathon Bombing . 251 David R. King 23 The Open Abdomen in Damage Control Surgery . 263 Jeff Garner and Rao R. Ivatury 24 Soft-Tissue Reconstructive Considerations in the Damage Control Environment ������������������������������������������������������ 277 Graham Lawton Origin of the Bogota Bag and Its Application 1 David V. Feliciano and Oswaldo A. Borraez Gaona Abstract 1.1 Historical Development The open abdomen is used when the abdomi- of the Open Abdomen nal incision cannot be closed, when an early reoperation is necessary, to prevent an abdom- 1.1.1 Slow Clinical Recognition inal compartment syndrome, for the treatment of the Abdominal of secondary or tertiary peritonitis, for the Compartment Syndrome treatment of omphaloceles in neonates, and for the treatment of missing portions of the As open abdominal surgery for elective, emer- abdominal wall. The unique contribution of gent, and trauma indications progressed in the Oswaldo A. Borraez Gaona, MD, of Bogota, latter half of the nineteenth century, there was no Colombia, was the application of a plastic bag mention of leaving the abdomen open. This over the open abdomen in injured patients. seems surprising as surely some patients in that The bag allows for rapid access for a relapa- era had distension of the midgut at completion of rotomy and covers and protects the viscera operation. until edema and/or infection resolves. Numerous historical reviews of the abdominal compartment syndrome, however, have docu- mented that the adverse consequences of increased intra-abdominal pressure were recog- nized in the early twentieth century [1, 2]. In 1911, Emerson’s experiments in small animals documented that an increase in intra-abdominal pressure from 27 to 46 cm H20 led to a respira- tory and cardiovascular death [3]. Later studies D.V. Feliciano, M.D. (*) by Thorington and Schmidt [4] in 1923 and by University of Maryland School of Medicine, Overholt [5] in 1931 noted that renal failure was Shock TraumaCenter/University of Maryland another adverse effect of experimentally induced Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA increases in intra-abdominal pressure. There Emeritus, Division of General Surgery, Indiana were subsequent similar laboratory studies [6–9] University, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA and an occasional clinical study [10] over the next 50 years. But, clinical relevance was first O.A. Borraez Gaona, M.D. National University of Colombia, Colombian established at the University of Virginia in the Surgical Association, Bogota, Colombia early 1980s. After observations in four patients © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 1 J. Duchesne et al. (eds.), Damage Control