POWER THE REVOLUTION FOR CLIMATE ACTION i CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN TURKEY GRANT SCHEME Prepared by Rifat Ünal Sayman - Team Leader Onur Akpulat - Senior Climate Change Expert Regional Environmental Center Dursun Baş - Senior Climate Change Expert (REC) Turkey Gözde Odabaş - Data Analysis Expert Denizli Metropolitan Municipality Project Group Cem Bağcı - Head of Department Denizli Metropolitan Municipality Berna Yılmaz - Chemist (Project Coordinator) Department of Survey and Projects Pelin Aslı Özen - Economist (Project Assistant) Denizli Climate Change Action Plan All rights reserved. © June 2019, REC Turkey No part of this publication may be sold or reproduced in any form without permission. Regional Environmental Center (REC) Turkey Mustafa Kemal Mahallesi 2142. Sokak No:18/11 Söğütözü Ankara Turkey Tel: +90 (312) 491 95 30 • Fax: +90 (312) 491 95 40 E-mail: [email protected] • Website: www.rec.org.tr Reminder This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Denizli Metropolitan Municipality and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. ii POWER THE REVOLUTION FOR CLIMATE ACTION FOREWORD Climate change is one of the biggest threats our planet faces. If the world's temperature rises more than 2 Celsius degrees compared to pre- industrial revolution, climate change will become irreversible and will have huge impacts in the long term. With the global temperature rise, increase in the frequency and impact of extreme weather events such as drought, flood, hurricane are observed, human communities are at serious risk as well as plants, animals and ecosystems as a result of factors such as the increase of seawater levels, acidification of oceans and the melting of glaciers. Scientifically obtained concrete data reveal that greenhouse gases created by humans cause global climate change. Constituting 70% of the global population and 80% of greenhouse gas emissions, cities play an important role in combatting with climate change. Local governments have important means of combating in urban planning, transportation, buildings and waste, which are their main areas of authority and responsibility. Under the Capacity Building in the Field of Climate Change in Turkey Grant Scheme supported by the EU, we have prepared Denizli Climate Change Action Plan, as one of the main activities of “Power the Revolution for Climate Action Project” of which Central Finance and Contracts Unit, is the Contracting Authority, the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization is the beneficiary and Denizli Metropolitan Municipality is the implementing institution. Denizli Climate Change Action Plan is a plan that sets out the framework for mitigation and adaptation in combatting with climate change. The Climate Change Action Plan prepared at city scale will contribute to achieving the goal of a low-carbon and climate-resilient Denizli. I would like to express my gratitude to our municipality staff, public institutions and organizations in Denizli, non-governmental organizations, private sector representatives and REC Turkey for their support. Denizli Climate Change Action Plan will contribute to national, regional and local policies and Turkey's development objectives towards sustainability. I hope that this valuable work will be an example for other projects that will be necessary in this way and will contribute to the development of the capacity of Turkey's mitigation and adaptation. With deepest regards… Osman ZOLAN Mayor of Denizli i CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN TURKEY GRANT SCHEME TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................................. v TABLE OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................... ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... xi SUMMARY OF MITIGATION ACTIONS .............................................................................................................. xxiv SUMMARY OF ADAPTATION ACTIONS ............................................................................................................ xxvii 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 30 1.1. AIM OF THIS STUDY .............................................................................................................................. 30 1.2. KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND CONSULTING PROCESS ................................................................................ 30 1.3. THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND EFFORTS OF STRUGGLE .......................................... 33 1.3.1. ADAPTATION IN COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ......................................................... 35 1.4. NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES ................................................................................................ 38 1.4.1. TURKEY'S POSITION IN CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONS ......................................................... 41 1.4.2. TURKEY'S CLIMATE CHANGE TARGETS ......................................................................................... 41 1.4.3. KEY INDICATORS ........................................................................................................................... 42 2. CURRENT SITUATION: CLIMATE CHANGE AND CITIES ................................................................................. 44 2.1. EFFORTS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES .......................................................... 46 2.2. EFFORTS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN TURKEY ................................................................................... 47 3. CURRENT SITUATION IN DENIZLI ................................................................................................................ 50 3.1. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE .................................................................................................................. 50 3.2. POPULATION ......................................................................................................................................... 53 3.3. DENIZLI WITH SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS ...................................................................................... 55 3.4. DENIZLI'S CURRENT EFFORTS TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE ............................................................. 56 4. DENIZLI GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY ..................................................................................................... 60 4.1. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................... 60 4.1.1. PRINCIPLES OF CALCULATION AND REPORTING .......................................................................... 60 4.1.2. GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY PREPARATION TOOL .................................................................. 62 4.1.3. SCOPE OF THE INVENTORY .......................................................................................................... 62 4.1.4. BASIC DATA SOURCES AND DATA QUALITY ................................................................................. 64 4.2. COLLECTED DATA .................................................................................................................................. 65 ii POWER THE REVOLUTION FOR CLIMATE ACTION 4.2.1. STATIONARY SOURCES ................................................................................................................. 65 4.2.2. TRANSPORTATION ........................................................................................................................ 67 4.2.3. WASTE .......................................................................................................................................... 69 4.2.4. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND PRODUCT USE ............................................................................... 72 4.2.5. AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND OTHER LAND USE ....................................................................... 74 4.3. GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY ............................................................................................................. 76 4.3.1. INVENTORY SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 76 4.3.2. DETAILED INVENTORY RESULTS.................................................................................................... 79 4.4. VALIDATION, MONITORING AND DATA IMPROVEMENT ...................................................................... 87 5. VISION ...................................................................................................................................................... 89 6. DENIZLI GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION ACTION PLAN.............................................................................