studio SYNTHESIS architecture&design ______________________________ STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESMENT FOR THE TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR MONTENEGRO 2018-2035 studio SYNTHESIS architecture&design _____________________________ I INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 1. SHORT OUTLINE OF THE CONTENTS AND MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE STRATEGY AND THEIR RELATION WITH OTHER PLANS AND PROGRAMMES ........................................................................ 6 1.1. Strategy objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2. Strategy Area .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3. Transport Policy – Chapter 14 ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.4. Brief overview of the Strategy - Transport model ................................................................................... 9 1.5. Relation with other plans and programs ................................................................................................. 13 2. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 23 2.1. Air Quality and Climate Changes ................................................................................................................. 23 2.1.1 Air Quality ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.2 Climate and Climate Changes ................................................................................................................. 26 2.2. Geological and hydrogeological characteristics .................................................................................... 34 2.2.1. Geological characteristics ....................................................................................................................... 34 2.2.2 Tectonic unit ................................................................................................................................................. 38 2.2.3. Seismicity ...................................................................................................................................................... 40 2.2.4. Hydrogeological characteristics .......................................................................................................... 42 2.2.5. Mineral resources ...................................................................................................................................... 44 2.3. Soil and way of land use .................................................................................................................................. 49 2.3.1. Erosion ........................................................................................................................................................... 49 2.4. Waters .................................................................................................................................................................... 51 2.4.1 Fresh Waters ................................................................................................................................................ 52 2.4.2 Sea .................................................................................................................................................................... 62 2.4.3 Floods .............................................................................................................................................................. 65 2.5. Biodiversity and Protected Areas ............................................................................................................... 66 2.5.1 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................................... 66 2.5.2 Protected areas ............................................................................................................................................ 73 2.6. Population ............................................................................................................................................................ 78 2.7. Cultural Heritage and Landscape ................................................................................................................ 78 2.8. Noise and Vibration .......................................................................................................................................... 79 2.9. Human Health ..................................................................................................................................................... 81 2.10. Economic activities ........................................................................................................................................ 82 2.10.1 Agriculture .................................................................................................................................................. 82 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Projektovanje dizajn inžinjering opremanje enterijera e-mail: [email protected] www. studiosynthesis.me 2 studio SYNTHESIS architecture&design _____________________________ 2.10.2 Forestry and Hunting ............................................................................................................................. 83 2.10.3 Tourism ........................................................................................................................................................ 87 2.10.4 Material assets – infrastructure ......................................................................................................... 90 3. IDENTIFICATION OF AREAS WITH POSSIBILITY OF BEING EXPOSED TO A SIGNIFICANT RISK AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THOSE AREAS .................................................................. 93 3.1. Identified expexted results ............................................................................................................................ 93 4. EXISTING PROBLEMS REGARDING ENVIRONMENT CONNECTED WITH STRATEGY................... 97 4.1. Air pollution from Traffic ............................................................................................................................... 97 4.2. Biodiversity .......................................................................................................................................................... 98 4.3. Noise ....................................................................................................................................................................... 99 5. GENERAL AND SPECIFIC OBJESTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION .................................. 100 6. POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT, INCLUDING FACTORS SUCH AS BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, POPULATION, FAUNA, FLORA, LAND, WATER, AIR, CLIMATIC ASPECTS, MATERIAL RESOURCES, CULTURAL HERITAGE, INCLUDING ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE, LANDSCAPE AND RELATIONS BETWEEN THESE FACTORS ........................................................................................................................................................... 106 6.1. Identification of environmental impacts ................................................................................................ 107 6.2. Soil and mineral resources .......................................................................................................................... 109 6.3. Air .......................................................................................................................................................................... 110 6.4. Climate ................................................................................................................................................................. 112 6.5. Impact on water ............................................................................................................................................... 112 6.6. Biodiversity/protected areas...................................................................................................................... 114 6.7. Human health .................................................................................................................................................... 117 6.8. Impact on noise ................................................................................................................................................ 118 6.9. Cultural heritage .............................................................................................................................................. 118 6.10. Landscape ........................................................................................................................................................ 120 6.11. Population and material assets ..............................................................................................................