THE ROMANCE BALKANS Collection of papers SRPSKA AKADEMIJA NAUKA I UMETNOSTI BALKANOLO[KI INSTITUT POSEBNA IZDAWA 103 ROMANSKI BALKAN Zbornik radova sa me|unarodnog nau~nog skupa odr`anog 4–6. novembra 2006. Urednici Biqana Sikimi} Tijana A{i} Beograd 2008 SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES SPECIAL EDITIONS 103 THE ROMANCE BALKANS Collection of papers presented at the international conference The Romance Balkans, 4–6 November 2006 Edited by Biljana Sikimi} Tijana A{i} Belgrade 2008 Published by Institute for Balkan Studies Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Belgrade, 35 Knez Mihailova St. e-mail: [email protected] www.balkaninstitut.com Editorial Board Tijana A{i}, Andrej N. Sobolev, Biljana Sikimi}, Annemarie Sorescu-Marinkovi}, Julijana Vu~o Editor in Chief Nikola Tasi} Reviewed by Prof. Dr. Aleksandar Loma, corresponding member, SASA Prof. Dr. Vesna Polovina Publication of this collection of papers was financed by the project “Ethnic and social stratification of the Balkans” supported by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. CONTENTS The Romance Balkans: Introduction .......................... 7 Etymology and Language History Klaus Steinke: Contribution of Latin to the Balkansprachbund .... 17 Helmut Schaller: Balkanromanischer Einfluss auf das Bulgarische . 27 Alexander Falileyev: Roman and Pre-Roman: the Balkans and His- pania. A case of mal ................................. 37 Anna Kretschmer: Djordje Brankovi} as etymologist: ethnonyms and toponyms in the Balkans .......................... 45 Maslina Ljubi~i}: Geosynonyms in the seventeenth-century Cro- atian dictionary. About some Italianisms ................. 65 Maja Kalezi}: Calamus (reflexes of Latin names as designations for the plant species Acorus calamus L. in Serbo-Croatian lan- guage)............................................ 73 Ljiljana Dimitrova-Todorova: Sur l’etymologie de quelques mots d’empruntroumainsenbulgare........................ 83 Todor At. Todorov: Trois mots d’emprunt roumains dans les parlers bulgares: kornica, pãè, trantuvam .................... 89 Language Contact Christian Voss: Romanisch-slawische Sprachkontakte: Balkanisie- rung, Akkommodation oder Gegenakkulturation? .......... 97 Xhelal Ylli: Aromunische Interferenzen in den slavischen Minder- heitenAlbaniens.................................... 107 Andrej N. Sobolev: On some Aromanian grammatical patterns in the Balkan Slavonic dialects .......................... 113 Thede Kahl: Does the Aromanian have a chance of survival? Some thoughts about the loss of language and language preserva- tion............................................ 123 Kleanti Anovska: Sociolinguistic aspects in the Aromanian folk tales 141 Anna A. Plotnikova: Russian–Romanian contacts in folk culture in theBalkans........................................ 151 Petya Assenova, Vassilka Aleksova: Observations sur la œ romanite balkanique Œ enBulgarie............................. 161 Annemarie Sorescu-Marinkovi}: The Bayash in Croatia: Romanian vernacularsinBaranjaandMedjimurje.................. 173 Biljana Sikimi}: Karavlachs in Bosnia and Herzegovina today .... 227 Corinna Leschber: Romanian–Serbian code-mixing phenomena . 247 Marijana Petrovi} Rignault: Do- : etude d’un prefixe verbal en valaque . 261 Ingmar Sohrman: A cognitive approach to case-marked and prepo- sitional genitival constructions in Romanian .............. 289 Jelena Filipovi}, Ivana Vu~ina Simovi}: Language and identity among the Sephardim in the territory of the former Yugoslavia ..... 303 Ana Jovanovi}, Marija Mati}: Language acquisition through expo- sure to Hispanic telenovelas:anexcuse?................. 319 Tatjana [otra: Autour de la francophonie et de la francophilie en Serbie............................................ 339 Tijana A{i}, Veran Stanojevi}: L’emploi des temps verbaux chez les locuteurs non-natifs du franüais — le cas de gastarbeiters serbes,valaquesettziganes........................... 351 Julijana Vu~o: Foreign language policy: the Italian language in Ser- biaandMontenegrotoday............................ 375 ETYMOLOGY AND LANGUAGE HISTORY LANGUAGE CONTACT Collection of papers THE ROMANCE BALKANS Published by Institute for Balkan Studies Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Belgrade, 35 Knez Mihailova St. e-mail: [email protected] www.balkaninstitut.com Graphical Design Davor Pal~i} Cover Design Sladjana Rajli} Cover Vlach traditional costume at the village fair in Urovica, north-eastern Serbia, photo by Annemarie Sorescu Marinkovi} Copy Editor, Translator and Lector Aleksandra Popovi}, Vladimir Pavlovi} Printed by PUBLISH Printed in 500 copies CIP — Katalogizacija u publikaciji Narodna biblioteka Srbije, Beograd 811.13(082) 811.16 (082) INTERNATIONAL Concerence The Romance Balkans (2006 ; Beograd) The Romance Balkans : collection of papers presented at the International Conference The Romance Balkans, 4–6 November 2006 / edited by Biljana Sikimi}, Tijana A{i} ; ‰translator Aleksandra Popovi}, Vladimir Pavlovi}Š. — Belgrade : Institute for Balkan Studies SASA, 2008 (Belgrade : Publish). — 386 str. : ilustr. ; 24 cm. — (Specijal Editions / Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies ; 103) Na spor. nasl. str. : Romanski Balkan. — Radovi na engl. , franc. i nem. jeziku. — Biljana Sikimi} and Tijana A{i}. — Napomene i bibliografske refer- ence uz tekst. — Bibliografija uz svaki rad. ISBN 978-86-7179-060-4 a) Romanski jezici — Zbornici b) Slovenski jezici — Zbornici COBISS.ST-ID 150841612 THE ROMANCE BALKANS: INTRODUCTION THE ROMANCE BALKANS: INTRODUCTION The Romance Balkans resulted from a conference held from 4 to 6 November 2006 in Belgrade by members of the Commission on Balkan Linguistics of the International Committee of Slavists and attended by Balkanologists and Romanists dealing in various aspects of the Romance languages. The meeting brought together linguists from separate Balkan- -related areas and scholars in other fields of the humanities in an effort to help the linguists move towards an interdisciplinary approach as a sine qua non in Balkan Studies. Notwithstanding the “Romance” title of this collec- tion, and although English, French and German are the meta-languages, the link with Slavistics remains the common thread running through al- most all contributions, including this Introduction. The Balkan Romance languages, from the current synchronic aspect, include (Daco-) Romanian as spoken in Romania and Moldova and the Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian of the Central Balkans. The papers collected here expand this to the maximum by adding, along with Daco- -Romanian dialects, Ladino and contemporary contacts between Balkan and non-Balkan Romance languages. From the diachronic aspect, this volume does not pretend to give a systematic overview of Balkan Romance. However, Balcania Romana, Orthodoxa, Islamica and Judaica are all represented. It also takes account of a revision of the theory on the Roman origin of Balkanisms (Lindstedt 2000) as a “mutual reinforcement of change”. The convergence model is corroborated by the fact that the Balkan Sprachbund properties are most numerous in those parts of the Balkans where the greatest number of languages are co-territorial. The epicentre of Balkanisms seems to be in the area around the southern parts of the lakes of Ohrid and Prespa, where Greek, Albanian, Macedonian and Aromanian intersect. The 8 THE ROMANCE BALKANS structures of local dialects of the languages spoken in this area are actually very perspicuously similar to each other (Mi{eska Tomi} 2004). Nonetheless, these are only papers collected from the conference (with minimal subsequent editorial intervention), and the objective is not to offer a representative overview of the present situation in European Balkan linguistics. The Commission on Balkan Slavic Linguistics of the International Committee of Slavists, founded in 1993, holds regular me- etings in various Balkan studies centres as part of topic-focused scholarly conferences. The official Commission meetings were held in April 1997 in Marburg (Germany) under the title “Current Problems of Balkan Lin- guistics. Basic questions of the Balkan Linguistic Atlas”; May 2001 in St. Petersburg (Russia) — “Current Problems of Balkan Linguistics and Ques- tions of Elaboration of the Balkan Linguistic Atlas”; October 2002 in Sofia (Bulgaria) — “Current Problems of Balkan Linguistics. Aspects of research of a Common Balkan Lexicon”; August 2003 in Ljubljana (Slo- venia) as part of the 13th International Congress of Slavists, in June 2004 again in St. Petersburg — “The Languages and Dialects of Small Ethnic Groups in the Balkans”, and in November 2006 in Belgrade (Serbia) — “The Romance Balkans”. The Romance Balkans conference was orga- nized by a research team from the Institute for Balkan Studies, Belgrade, engaged on a multidisciplinary project called “Ethnic and Social Strati- fication of the Balkans” financed by the Ministry of Science of the Re- public of Serbia. This international linguistic conference focused on the diachronic and synchronic dimensions of Romance languages in the Balkans, the historical influence of Latin and the Romance languages on other Balkan languages, and the current state of linguistic research (Romanian dialects, Sephardic Spanish). The papers presented covered comparative linguistics, etymology, onomastics, geographical linguistics, socio- and anthro- polinguistics, applied linguistics, theoretical and methodological issues, while addressing