Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 1901-1992 Laylin K. James, EDITOR Lafayette College History of Modern Chemical Sciences Jeffrey L. Sturchio, SERIBS EDITOR Merck & Co., Inc. 1993 American Chemical Society and the Chemical Heritage Foundation Contents Preface xv 1901 Jacobus van't Hoff 1 1902 Emil Fischer 8 1903 Svante Arrhenius 15 1904 William Ramsay 23 1905 Adolf von Baeyer 30 1906 Henri Moissan 35 1907 Eduard Buchner 42 1908 Ernest Rutherford 49 1909 Wilhelm Ostwald 61 1910 Otto Wallach 69 1911 Marie Curie 75 1912 Victor Grignard 83 1912 Paul Sabatier 88 1913 Alfred Werner 93 1914 Theodore William Richards 100 1915 Richard Martin Willstätter 108 1918 Fritz Haber 114 1920 Walther Hermann Nernst 125 1921 Frederick Soddy 134 1922 Francis William Aston 140 1923 Fritz Pregl 146 1925 Richard Zsigmondy 151 1926 The Svedberg 158 1927 Heinrich Wieland 164 1928 Adolf Windaus 169 1929 Hans von Euler-Chelpin 175 1929 Arthur Harden 181 1930 Hans Fischer 187 1931 Friedrich Bergius 192 1931 Carl Bosch 198 1932 Irving Langmuir 205 xi IIX öit' Mqn pjEim 096i 31t Ä>[SAOJÄ3H ABJSCXref 6561 9017 aaSues sptrapay 8S6T 66£ PP°1 smiaqoy japuexajv Z.S61 £6£ AOU9UI3S ipiASÄEJO^IJSI A?l05l!N 9S61 98e pooAvpusuiH IHÄ3 956T 08e pncauSiA HQ JUMUIA gg6I 89e SmpiBd pro snutq frS6I 6S€ jaSuiptiBjs UUBUU9H £S6I 95£ 3§uħ UOJ§UIJ|IJAJ aDuamtq pjEipr^j ^S6I 3S£ UUJEy\[ J3WOJ Uqof J311DJV 3S61 frK SaoqT^s uua^ ;g6t 8ee UBflWW uiAvpg IS6T 3ee SPKI ««B«U3H inEd °»o os6i 83£ J3PIV wn^ os6i 13€ anbnuiQ SIDUBJJ ureini^ 6t^6l Sie s™ps!l 3UJV 8fr6I 90e uosutqotf uaqotf Z.^61 00£ Asprejs IFPU3Ai 9fr6I fr63 donpjoM uqof 9^6T 883 jauums sauiuf 9^1 383 uauBjaiA uwwv St6X 3/.3 UW>H «MO tt6l 993 AS3A3H ap aSjoa*) ^g; 6S3 ^2*?ntf Piodoaq 6C6I £S3 ipurasjng jjopy 6C61 8frZ u^n3 P"ipra 8C61 3173 IMK^ jnt:d /,e6T 9€3 tpiOA\BH J^pm Z.C61 833 3Äqaa ja^d 9C61 £33 sunQ-ioqof 3U3JI ge6l ATS Joijof 3u?p?ij se6T U3 A3:tn PI<"*H K61 1961 Melvin Calvin 422 1962 John Kendrew 428 1962 Max Perutz 435 1963 Giulio Natta 442 1963 Karl Ziegler 449 1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 456 1965 Robert Woodward 462 1966 Robert Mulliken 471 1967 Ronald W. Norrish 479 1967 George Porter 487 1967 Manfred Eigen 494 1968 Lars Onsager 500 1969 Derek Harold Richard Barton 507 1969 Odd Hassel 514 1970 Luis Leloir 520 1971 Gerhard Herzberg 525 1972 Christian Anfinsen 532 1972 Stanford Moore 538 1972 William Stein 546 1973 Ernst Otto Fischer 551 1973 Geoffrey Wilkinson 557 1974 Paul Flory 564 1975 John Cornforth 571 1975 Vladimir Prelog 578 1976 William N. Lipscomb, Jr 584 1977 Ilya Prigogine 590 1978 Peter Mitchell 597 1979 Herbert Charles Brown 604 1979 Georg Wittig 611 1980 Paul Berg 618 1980 Walter Gilbert 626 1980 Frederick Sanger 633 1981 Kenichi Fukui 639 xiii 1961 Melvin Calvin 422 1962 John Kendrew 428 1962 Max Perutz 435 1963 Giulio Natta 442 1963 Karl Ziegler 449 1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 456 1965 Robert Woodward 462 1966 Robert Mulliken 471 1967 Ronald W. Norrish 479 1967 George Porter 487 1967 Manfred Eigen 494 1968 Lars Onsager 500 1969 Derek Harold Richard Barton 507 1969 Odd Hassel 514 1970 Luis Leloir 520 1971 Gerhard Herzberg 525 1972 Christian Anfinsen 532 1972 Stanford Moore 538 1972 William Stein 546 1973 Ernst Otto Fischer 551 1973 Geoffrey Wilkinson 557 1974 Paul Flory 564 1975 John Cornforth 571 1975 Vladimir Prelog 578 1976 William N. Lipscomb, Jr 584 1977 Ilya Prigogine 590 1978 Peter Mitchell 597 1979 Herbert Charles Brown 604 1979 Georg Wittig 611 1980 Paul Berg 618 1980 Walter Gilbert 626 1980 Frederick Sanger 633 1981 Kenichi Fukui 639 xiii 1981 Roald Hoffmann 648 1982 Aaron Klug 654 1983 Henry Taube 660 1984 Robert Bruce Merrifield 667 1985 Herbert Aaron Hauptman 674 1985 Jerome Karle 678 1986 Dudley R. Herschbach 686 1986 Yuan Tseh Lee 693 1986 John C. Polanyi 700 1987 Donald J. Cram 708 1987 Jean-Marie Lehn 715 1987 Charles J. Pedersen 722 1988 Hartmut Michel, Johann Deisenhofer, and 729 Robert Huber 1989 Sidney Altman 737 1989 Thomas R. Cech 745 1990 Elias J. Corey 750 1991 Richard R. Ernst 759 1992 Rudolph A. Marcus 766 A Bibliographical Guide 775 Index 783 No Nobel Prizes in chemistry were awarded in 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941, and 1942. xiv .