Family: Berberidaceae Taxon: Nandina domestica Synonym: Nandina domestica var. linearifolia C.Y. Wu Common Name: Heavenly bamboo Nandina Sacred bamboo Southern heaven bamboo Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 9 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 y 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 y 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 y 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- Low substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- Intermediate high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 y 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 y 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 5/10/2011 Nandina domestica (Berberidaceae) Page 1 of 10 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 n 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 2 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 9 Print Date: 5/10/2011 Nandina domestica (Berberidaceae) Page 2 of 10 Supporting Data: 101 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Is the species highly domesticated? Yes] "Although it has long been cultivated Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian and esteemed throughout its range, notably by the Chinese, the Japanese in Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop particular have extensively selected and developed heavenly-bamboo in Museum Press, Honolulu, HI cultivation, and more than 50 cultivars have been recognized, only a few of which are grown outside of Japan." 101 2006. Anderson, N.O./Galatowitsch, [Is the species highly domesticated? Yes] "Nandina domestica cultivars differed S.M./Gomez, N.. Selection strategies to reduce in flowering and fruiting ability in two cultivated sites (Knox et al., 2004), although invasive potential in introduced plants. Euphytica. cultivar rankings (stability) were relatively constant across sites for all genotypes 148: 203–216. except one (Knox et al., 2004)." 101 2006. Knox, G.W./Wilson, S.B.. Evaluating North [Is the species highly domesticated? Yes, for certain cultivars] "A wild-type and South Florida Landscape Performance and selection of heavenly bamboo (Nandina domestica) and ten cultivars were Fruiting of Ten Cultivars and a Wild-type evaluated for plant performance, growth, flowering, and fruiting in north and south Selection of Nandina domestica, a Potentially Florida. Onset of flowering generally began by March and April in south Florida Invasive Shrub. Journal of Environmental and 4 to 8 weeks later in north Florida. Fruit was first noted 8 to 16 weeks after Horticulture. 24(3): 137–142. most selections began flowering. Landscape performance and fruit production varied widely among taxa and locations. The dwarf selections ‘Filamentosa’ and ‘Firepower’ failed to flower or fruit in either location; while the medium sized selection, ‘Moon Bay’, did not flower or fruit in south Florida, and the medium- sized selection, ‘Gulf Stream’, flowered but did not fruit in south Florida. Large- sized selections produced more fruit than did dwarf and medium sized cultivars. Greater plant survival with generally heavier fruiting was observed in north Florida than in south Florida. In north and south Florida, ‘Monum’ and ‘Compacta’ produced more fruit than did the wild-type selection. Seed viability was fairly consistent among cultivars, ranging from 73 to 86%." 101 2009. Trueblood, C.E.. An Invasive Species [Is the species highly domesticated? Yes] "Cultivars, including Nana, Harbour Assessment System for the North Carolina Dwarf, and Firepower, have been developed that produce little or no seed Horticultural Industry. MSc Thesis. North Carolina (Langeland and Craddock Burks 2008)." State University, Raleigh, NC 102 2010. Murray, B.R./Phillips, M.L.. Investment in [Has the species become naturalized where grown? Yes] "Table 1 The dataset of seed dispersal structures is linked to naturalized exotic plant species of Royal National Park (south-eastern invasiveness in exotic plant species of south- Australia)…" [Nandina domestica listed as naturalized] eastern Australia. Biological Invasions. 12: 2265–2275. 103 2003. Weber, E.. Invasive Plant Species of the [Does the species have weedy races? Yes] "The dense foliage of this shrub World. A Reference Guide to Environmental shades out native plants and prevents their regeneration. It forms extensive and Weeds. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK dense stands displacing native vegetation. Populations of two rare plants are threatened in Florida by this invader." 201 1987. Clay, H.F./Hubbard, J.C.. The Hawaii [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) -? 0-low] "Seeds must be Garden: Tropical Shrubs. University of Hawaii refrigerated before they will germinate,,," Press, Honolulu, HI 201 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) -? 0-low] "Nandina domestica Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian has a wide distribution from India across eastern Asia to Japan, where it is Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop reported to be native to forested areas in the southern part of the islands… Seed Museum Press, Honolulu, HI is slow to germinate and requires a period of dry, cold storage (three to four months at 40⁰F) for the rudimentary embryo to undergo further development, or "ripening." [For the special cases of a temperate species whose seeds have been reported to require cold-stratification for germination, the answer to this question is 0(low) and the answer to question 2.02 is 1 (intermediate) regardless of knowledge of the species native range.] 202 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Quality of climate match data? 1-intermediate] "Nandina domestica has a wide Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian distribution from India across eastern Asia to Japan, where it is reported to be Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop native to forested areas in the southern part of the islands… Seed is slow to Museum Press, Honolulu, HI germinate and requires a period of dry, cold storage (three to four months at 40⁰F) for the rudimentary embryo to undergo further development, or "ripening." [For the special cases of a temperate species whose seeds have been reported to require cold-stratification for germination, the answer to this question is 0(low) and the answer to question 2.02 is 1 (intermediate) regardless of knowledge of the species native range.] 203 1987. Clay, H.F./Hubbard, J.C.. The Hawaii [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "Very adaptable; Garden: Tropical Shrubs. University of Hawaii although originally from a colder, temperate climate, the plant will grow almost Press, Honolulu, HI anywhere in Hawaii, even at the beach if protected from salt winds." Print Date: 5/10/2011 Nandina domestica (Berberidaceae) Page 3 of 10 204 2001.