Australia, New Zealand, Oceania, Antarctica Australian Aborigines Aborigine = “native” Hunters Land sacred Polytheistic Arrived in Australia over 40,000 years ago (yes, really, not a typo) MAORI: Indigenous peoples of New Zealand ABORIGINAL ARTWORK •Depicts deep meaning told through stories •Symbols represent natural surroundings. Thunder & Lightening EUROPEAN COLONIZATION OF AUSTRALIA (1780’S) “First Fleet”: 11 British ships sailed from England (1787) to est. colony in Australia. Seeking: spices, tea, luxury goods. Cleared land for agriculture & farming, relocated aborigines. Australian Gold Rush (1851) brought Europeans. British convicts built infrastructure. After WWII, Australian gov’t promoted European immigration. ECONOMY Australia: developed, modern free market economy. Abundant natural resources Impacted by US/European Economic issues. New Zealand: economy: Wool, switched to exporting frozen meat/dairy products as a result of colonization. SOCIAL/CULTURE Australia: greenhouse gas pollution a MAJOR problem – 2010 govt enacted controls. Education in the isolated Outback: School via radio, email, video, satellite. 90% of population of Australia: European descent COLONIZATION OF THE PACIFIC OCEANIA (ALSO REFERRED TO AS: PACIFIC ISLANDS OR SOUTH SEA ISLANDS) 1000’s of tiny islands scattered between Hawaii & The Philippines. Subregions: Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia. Economy: Fishing. Over-fishing…economic problem. Island life: simple, complex customs & rituals. BIKINI ATOLL Site of US nuclear testing 1946-1958. Radiation prevented natives from returning. GREAT BARRIER REEF Worlds largest coral reef system RING OF FIRE MARIANA TRENCH Deepest part of the world's oceans, & deepest location on the surface of the Earth’s crust. Maximum depth of about 35,798 feet. In the NW Pacific Ocean, near Japan. NEW ZEALAND Group of islands located in South Pacific Ocean. Mostly mountainous terrain. Temperate climate with sharp regional contrasts. ANTARCTICA Worlds largest desert Colder than the North Pole…Land is colder than water. Only scientists stay in Antarctica: There are scientists from just about every nation… 5% rock, rest is ice ANTARCTICA .