No 1(VI)/2013 Price 19 PLN (w tym 5% VAT) 10 EUR 12 USD 7 GBP ISSN: 2083-7372 quarterly January-March www.neweasterneurope.eu CAN RUSSIA REALLY CHANGE? Kasparov, Stanovaya, Korejba, Lukyanov, Golubovsky, Preobrazhensky INTERVIEW: ANNE APPLEBAUM The European Union’s Missed Opportunity Re ections on Dominik Jankowski & Paweï ¥wieĝak Eastern Europe Who won in Ukraine? Volodymyr Horbach Books & Reviews: Anne Applebaum, Halik Kochanski, Emil Brix and Vesna PešiÊ CHINA The Tale of Jewish INVADES Lviv Jakub Nowakowski BELARUS ISSN 2083-7372 1(VI) / 13 1(VI) Katerina EDWARD LUCAS Barushka RESPONDS ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISEMENT Dear Reader, It is almost a cliché to say that change is not easy; just as you might say that change is what politics is all about. However, while these two ideas are probably true for free and democratic societies, they don’t apply in the same way to the less free or authoritarian regimes. That is why in this issue we ask the question: Is change really possible in Russia? The special block of texts in this issue feature the different perspectives of Russian public figures and experts such as Garry Kasparov, Fyodor Lukyanov, Anatoly Golubovsky and Tatiana Stanovaya. They provide us with their interpretation on how the recent civil awakening has (if at all) changed Russia during 2012. Beyond Russia, we also look at change, or a lack thereof, in Ukraine after the parliamentary elections, as well as take a glimpse at the European Union’s Neighbourhood Policy and what real impact it has had on the countries in the East. In our interview section, we publish a conversation with Pulitzer-Prize winning author, Anne Applebaum, in which she discusses the history and present situation in the countries that were once – as we commonly say – behind the Iron Curtain. We also invite you to read a review of her new book written by Guardian journalist Luke Harding. Among the other interesting pieces, French writer and screen director, Emmanuel Carrère, discusses his latest book, a biography of Eduard Limonov and Vladimir Putin’s enemy number one; while Katerina Barushka reports on recent developments in Chinese-Belarusian relations. In addition, Filip Mazurczak analyses Poland’s economic challenges in the coming year; Zuzanna Warso discusses the legal challenges to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, and Jakub Nowakowski takes us to Lviv to discover its Jewish heritage. Lastly, as you may have noticed, our magazine has also undergone some change of its own – which includes a new logo and minor layout changes. We would also like to announce that Adam Reichardt, who previously worked as the managing editor, has become New Eastern Europe’s editor- in-chief. We thank Andrzej Brzeziecki and Małgorzata Nocuń of Nowa Europa Wschodnia, for all the work they have done for our magazine. Most importantly, starting in January 2013 New Eastern Europe will be available electronically for download on iPads, Android and Amazon Kindle Fire devices. Using these outlets, we hope to reach even more readers and enhance the dialogue we have already started with the traditional print version. As always, we invite you to join this dialogue online at www.neweasterneurope.eu as well as on Facebook and Twitter. The Editors 4 Contents Opinion and Analysis 7 The Cost of Inaction incompatible with Russia’s deeply rooted Dominik P. Jankowski and Paweł Świeżak history, social structure, psychology and mentality. Trying to boost democracy Despite being the best positioned would mean acting against all the elements to resolve conflicts in the region, the that make up the Russian national identity. European Union is losing sight of its role in the security and stability in Eastern Europe. 65 No Competition If only it had the will and courage to do so. Fyodor Lukyanov 15 The Dark State – Part I 67 Divided We Stand John Sweeney Anatoly Golubovsky 20 Four More Years 69 In Search of Traitors and Spies Giuseppe D’Amato Ivan Preobrazhensky 22 Nobody Wanted To Win 74 A Question of Jurisdiction Volodymyr Horbach Zuzanna Warso The best phrase to explain the hidden 80 Tusk’s Unenviable Dilemma agenda of the latest parliamentary Filip Mazurczak campaign in Ukraine is that “nobody Throughout this economic crisis, wanted to win”; of course, not the Poland has been in a privileged position, candidates, but the chief strategists with a relatively strong economic performance of the main political forces. Although allowing it to stall on difficult reforms. nobody will confirm it aloud, the actions However, the comforts of Euro 2012 public of the main political players reveal investments, generous aid from Brussels, their true motivation. and a lucrative export market in the West 28 Ukraine’s Quiet Revolution are all gradually receding. Sebastien Gobert 39 CAN RUSSIA REALLY CHANGE? Interviews 41 Pushed Outside the System Interview with Garry Kasparov 87 Dishonest Promises “Despite the state propaganda and and Illegitimate Regime attempts to divide us, we all are going A conversation with Anne Applebaum to live together in the same country, “The countries of what we used to call and if we want this country to survive Eastern Europe are now as different from we are going to have to unite together one another as the countries of Western against Putin’s regime.” Europe, maybe even more so. 45 Opposition(s) in Waiting? The differences between Poland and Tatiana Stanovaya Albania, and Romania and Slovakia 57 Democracy? No thanks! are certainly as great as those between Jakub Korejba England, Italy and Greece.” The idea of freedom and democracy 93 Russia in my Blood in the western sense is currently A conversation with Emmanuel Carrère 5 Reports Books and Reviews 99 Potatoes and Fortune Cookies 145 Luke Harding – homo Sovieticus: Katerina Barushka Stalin’s failed European experiment The recent boom in Belarus-China On Anne Applebaum’s Iron Curtain: relations is surprising; it’s sudden, The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1944-56 it’s wide scale and it’s inexplicable. 148 Wojciech Michinik What are the true reasons and possible The Irony of Polish History prospects for this cooperation? On Halik Kochanski’s The Eagle 109 Stateless in Riga Unbowed: Poland and the Poles Ruben Martinez in the Second World War 151 Dominik P. Jankowski How to Build Influence? History On Małgorzata Klatt and Tomasz Stępniewski’s Normative Influence. 116 Together against Totalitarianism The European Union, Eastern Europe Cécile Vaissié and Russia 153 Iwona Reichardt – Bitter-sweet. Or what’s People, Ideas, Inspirations in between Europe’s East and West On Emil Brix’s Z powrotem w Europie Środkowej. Eseje i szkice (Back to Central 123 Contemporary Lviv Europe. Collection of Essays) and its Jewish Background 156 Magdalena Link-Lenczowska – 13 Tales Jakub Nowakowski from the Polish Kingdom of Commi-Land The city of Lviv is currently undergoing On Tadeusz Lubelski’s Historia nie była kina the process of reviving its Jewish memory. PRL (The Non-existent History of Cinema This process is not only complex, in the People’s Republic of Poland) but also painful. It requires asking many difficult questions and making 160 Monika Murzyn-Kupisz – anchored in the an effort to answer them. Past, Food for Thought in the Present On the Taube Foundation’s Field Guide to Jewish Warsaw and Kraków 131 The Solitary Voice Joanna Bernatowicz 163 Ida Orzechowska – Into the Wild On Vesna Pešić’s Divlje društvo 139 When Itzik Fell out of the Sky – kako smo stigli dovde Annabelle Chapman (Wild Society. How did we get here) 167 Edward Lucas – The Return of Edward Lucas Authors love reviews of their books – even negative ones (any publicity is better than none). A long and sympathetic review by an expert is as welcome as it is rare. So I was delighted that my old friend Eugeniusz “Gienek” Smolar has reviewed my book Deception at such length in New Eastern Europe. www.neweasterneurope.eu EDITOR AND PUBLISHER The Nowak-Jeziorański College of Eastern Europe [email protected] www.kew.org.pl CO-EDITOR European Solidarity Centre [email protected] The publication of New Eastern Europe www.ecs.gda.pl is co-financed by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Department EDITORIAL BOARD of Public and Cultural Diplomacy. Leonidas Donskis, Yaroslav Hrytsak, Ivan Krastev, Georges Mink, Zdzisław Najder, Cornelius Ochmann, Eugeniusz Smolar, Lilia Shevtsova, Roman Szporluk, Jan Zielonka. Content with the notation (CC) is licensed under EDITORIAL TEAM the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Adam Reichardt, Editor-in-Chief All attempts are made to give proper Hayden Berry, Editor, Web Manager and appropriate attribution Iwona Reichardt, Editor, Lead Translator to the author and source. CONTRIBUTING ARTIST The Editors do not return submitted texts Andrzej Zaręba unless requested. The Editors reserve the right to edit and shorten submitted texts. ADVERTISING Wiesława Nowosad Circulating texts without the Editors’ SUBSCRIPTION permit is strictly forbidden. The Editors [email protected] bear no responsibility for the content of advertisements. LAYOUT AND FORMATTING Agencja Reklamowa i Interaktywna SALON REKLAMY Copyright © by the Jan Nowak-Jeziorański College of Eastern Europe EDITORIAL OFFICES (Kolegium Europy Wschodniej New Eastern Europe im. Jana Nowaka-Jeziorańskiego), 2013 ul. Mazowiecka 25 p. 606 30-019 Kraków [email protected] Circulation: 3700 European Solidarity Centre Printing: ul. Doki 1 Drukarnia Kolejowa Kraków Sp. z o.o. 80-958 Gdańsk tel.: +48 58 767 79 71 International Distribution: [email protected] www.pineapple-media.com The Cost of Inaction Dominik P. Jankowski anD Paweł Świeżak Despite being the best positioned to resolve conflicts in the region, the European Union is losing sight of its role in the security and stability in Eastern Europe. If only it had the will and courage to do so.