Hawaii’s Invasive Plant Species References (as of November, 2009) Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense (Parsons & Cuthbertson 2001; Imada et al. 2007) Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta (Parsons & Cuthbertson 2001; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008) Acanthaceae Asystasia gangetica (Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Motooka et al. 2003; Erickson & Puttock 2006; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Odontonema tubiforme (Imada et al. 2007; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Anacardiaceae Schinus terebinthifolius (Langeland & Craddock Burks 1998; Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Motooka et al. 2003; Weber 2005; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Semecarpus nigroviridis (Dassanayake & Fosberg 1983; Imada et al. 2007) Annonaceae Artabotrys hexapetalus (Staples et al. 2000; Whistler 2000; Staples & Herbst 2005; Imada et al. 2007; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Apocynaceae Cryptostegia grandiflora (Marohasy & Forster 1991; Staples et al. 2000; Whistler 2000; Parsons & Cuthbertson 2001; Motooka et al. 2003; Staples & Herbst 2005; Weber 2005; Imada et al. 2007; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Cryptostegia madagascarensis (Marohasy & Forster 1991; Staples et al. 2000; Staples & Herbst 2005; Imada et al. 2007; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Araliaceae Schefflera actinophylla (Randall et al. 1996; Langeland & Craddock Burks 1998; Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Motooka et al. 2003; Weber 2005; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Schefflera arboricola (Staples et al. 2000; Whistler 2000; Staples & Herbst 2005; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Schefflera insularum (Imada et al. 2007; Bureau of Plant Industry 2009) Asteraceae Acroptilon repens (Parsons & Cuthbertson 2001; Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2008; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Scher 2008; Texasinvasives.org 2008) Ageratina adenophora (Wagner et al. 1999; Parsons & Cuthbertson 2001; Motooka et al. 2003; Weber 2005; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; Scher 2008) Ageratina riparia (Wagner et al. 1999; Parsons & Cuthbertson 2001; Motooka et al. 2003; Weber 2005; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; Scher 2008) Chromolaena odorata (Weber 2005; Imada et al. 2007; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Cirsium arvense (Weber 2005; Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2008; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Scher 2008) Delairea odorata (Staples et al. 2000; Motooka et al. 2003; Weber 2005; Imada et al. 2007; Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2008; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Elephantopus tomentosus [mollis] (Wagner et al. 1999; Motooka et al. 2003; Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2008; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Lagascea mollis (Steussy 1978) Mikania micrantha (Weber 2005; Imada et al. 2007; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; Scher 2008) Mikania scandens (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; Scher 2008) Montanoa hibiscifolia (Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Motooka et al. 2003; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Imada et al. 2007; Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Senecio madagascariensis (Motooka et al. 2003; Imada et al. 2007; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Sonchus arvensis (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; Scher 2008) Sphagneticola trilobata (Motooka et al. 2003; Weber 2005; Erickson & Puttock 2006; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Vernonia elliptica (Imada et al. 2007; Missouri Botanical Garden 2008a) Basellaceae Anredera cordifolia (Staples et al. 2000; Weber 2005; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; Universitat de les Illes Balears 2009) Bignoniaceae Macfadyena unguis-cati (Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Weber 2005; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Spathodea campanulata (Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Motooka et al. 2003; Weber 2005; Floridata 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Boraginaceae Cordia alliodora (Imada et al. 2007; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Brassicaceae Cardaria pubescens [Lepidium appelianum] (Agriculture 2008; Missouri Botanical Garden 2008b; Scher 2008) Lepidium latifolium (Weber 2005; Agriculture 2008; Missouri Botanical Garden 2008b) Cactaceae Cereus hildmannianus [uruguayanus] (Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Anderson et al. 2001; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Harrisia [Eriocereus] martinii (Wagner et al. 1999; Anderson et al. 2001; Parsons & Cuthbertson 2001; National Weeds Strategy 2008) Pereskia aculeata (Leuenberger 1986; Anderson et al. 2001; Weber 2005; Imada et al. 2007; National Weeds Strategy 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Pereskia bleo (Leuenberger 1986; Anderson et al. 2001; Imada et al. 2007) Pereskia grandifolia (Leuenberger 1986; Anderson et al. 2001; Imada et al. 2007) Pereskia lychnidiflora (Leuenberger 1986; Imada et al. 2007) Caprifoliaceae Centranthus ruber (Wagner et al. 1999; Imada et al. 2007; Missouri Botanical Garden 2008b; The seed site 2009) Leycesteria formosa (Weber 2005; Imada et al. 2007; National Weeds Strategy 2008) Lonicera japonica (Langeland & Craddock Burks 1998; Wagner et al. 1999; Motooka et al. 2003; Staples & Herbst 2005; Weber 2005; Imada et al. 2007; Floridata 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; University of Florida 2008) Casuarinaceae Casuarina cunninghamiana (Staples et al. 2000; Little & Skolmen 2003; Staples & Herbst 2005; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Casuarina equisetifolia (Randall et al. 1996; Langeland & Craddock Burks 1998; Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Little & Skolmen 2003; Motooka et al. 2003; Staples & Herbst 2005; Weber 2005; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; Plant Conservation Alliance 2009) Chenopodiaceae Bassia hyssopifolia (Wagner et al. 1999; Erickson & Puttock 2006; Imada et al. 2007; Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2008; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources 2008) Enchylaena tomentosa (Imada et al. 2007; Australian National Botanic Gardens 2008) Halogeton glomeratus (Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2008; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources 2008) Salsola kali [tragus] (Wagner et al. 1999; Motooka et al. 2003; Weber 2005; Imada et al. 2007; Flora of North America Editorial Committee 2008; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Clusiaceae Hypericum canariense (Wagner et al. 1999; Imada et al. 2007; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Hypericum perforatum (Wagner et al. 1999; Weber 2005; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis (Wagner et al. 1999; Missouri Botanical Garden 2008b; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; Scher 2008) Ipomoea carnea (Staples & Herbst 2005; Imada et al. 2007; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Merremia peltata (Imada et al. 2007; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Merremia tuberosa (Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Motooka et al. 2003; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Corynocarpaceae Corynocarpus laevigatus (Wagner et al. 1999; Motooka et al. 2003; Imada et al. 2007; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus umbellata (Randall et al. 1996; Motooka et al. 2003; Tenaglia 2008) Euphorbiaceae Aleurites moluccana (Wagner et al. 1999; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; World Agroforestry Centre 2008) Euphorbia amygdaloides (Clapham et al. 1987; Stace 1991; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Euphorbia esula (Stace 1991; Randall et al. 1996; Weber 2005; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Missouri Botanical Garden 2008b; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources 2008; Plant Conservation Alliance 2009) Homalanthus populifolius (Imada et al. 2007; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Hura crepitans (Imada et al. 2007; Ithaka Harbors 2008; Missouri Botanical Garden 2008b; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Jatropha curcas (Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Staples & Herbst 2005; Imada et al. 2007; Missouri Botanical Garden 2008b; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Jatropha gossypiifolia (Wagner et al. 1999; Imada et al. 2007; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Fabaceae Acacia auriculiformis (Randall et al. 1996; Imada et al. 2007; ABRS 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; Shire of Dalwallinu et al. 2009) Acacia farnesiana (Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Motooka et al. 2003; Deveze 2004; Spies & March 2004; ABRS 2008; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008) Acacia mangium (Imada et al. 2007; ABRS 2008; Invasive Species Specialist Group 2008; Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk 2008; Shire of Dalwallinu et al. 2009) Acacia mearnsii (Wagner et al. 1999; Staples et al. 2000; Motooka et al. 2003;