THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://www.nap.edu/24635 SHARE Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations DETAILS 260 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-45348-6 | DOI: 10.17226/24635 AUTHORS BUY THIS BOOK Committee on Incorporating 21st Century Science into Risk-Based Evaluations; Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Academies of Sciences, FIND RELATED TITLES Engineering, and Medicine Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations PREPUBLICATION COPY Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations ADVANCE COPY NOT FOR PUBLIC RELEASE BEFORE Thursday, January 5, 2017 11 a.m. EDT This prepublication version has been provided to the public to facilitate timely access to the committee’s findings. Although the substance of the report is final, editorial changes will be made throughout the text, and citations will be checked prior to publication. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations PREPUBLICATION COPY Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations Committee on Incorporating 21st Century Science into Risk-Based Evaluations Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology Division on Earth and Life Studies A Report of Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by Contract EP-C-14-005, TO#0002 between the National Academy of Sci- ences and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommenda- tions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-XXXXX-X International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-XXXXX-X Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/24635 Copyright 2017 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Using 21st Cen- tury Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24635. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by Presi- dent Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to sci- ence and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C.D. Mote, Jr., is presi- dent. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 un- der the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health is- sues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Med- icine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activi- ties to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public un- derstanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national- academies.org. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations Reports document the evidence-based consensus of an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and committee deliberations. Reports are peer reviewed and are approved by the Na- tional Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Proceedings chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other con- vening event. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and have not been endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Acade- mies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit national academies.org/whatwedo. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations COMMITTEE ON INCORPORATING 21ST CENTURY SCIENCE INTO RISK-BASED EVALUATIONS Members JONATHAN M. SAMET (Chair), University of Southern California, Los Angeles MELVIN E. ANDERSEN, ScitoVation, Research Triangle Park, NC JON A. ARNOT, ARC Arnot Research & Consulting, Toronto, ON ESTEBAN BURCHARD, University of California, San Francisco GEORGE P. DASTON, Procter & Gamble, Mason, OH DAVID B. DUNSON, Duke University, Durham, NC NIGEL GREENE, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA HEATHER B. PATISAUL, North Carolina State University, Raleigh KRISTI PULLEN FEDINICK, Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC BEATE R. RITZ, University of California, Los Angeles IVAN RUSYN, Texas A&M University, College Station ROBERT L. TANGUAY, Oregon State University, Corvallis JUSTIN G. TEEGUARDEN, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA JAMES M. TIEDJE, Michigan State University, East Lansing PAOLO VINEIS, Imperial College London, UK MICHELLE WILLIAMS, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA FRED WRIGHT, North Carolina State University, Raleigh LAUREN ZEISE, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland Staff ELLEN K. MANTUS, Project Director MARILEE SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor MIRSADA KARALIC-LONCAREVIC, Manager, Technical Information Center RADIAH ROSE-CRAWFORD, Manager, Editorial Projects IVORY CLARKE, Research Assistant Sponsors US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES Prepublication Copy v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY1 Members WILLIAM H. FARLAND (Chair), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO PRAVEEN AMAR, Independent Consultant, Lexington, MA RICHARD A. BECKER, American Chemistry Council, Washington, DC E. WILLIAM COLGLAZIER, American Association for Advancement of Science, Washington, DC DOMINIC M. DITORO, University of Delaware, Newark, DE DAVID C. DORMAN, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC CHARLES T. DRISCOLL, JR., Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY ANNE FAIRBROTHER, Exponent (Retired), Philomath, OR LINDA E. GREER, Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC WILLIAM E. HALPERIN, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ STEVEN P. HAMBURG, Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY ROBERT A. HIATT, University of California, San Francisco, CA PHILIP K. HOPKE, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY SAMEUL KACEW, University of Ottawa, Ontario H. SCOTT MATTHEWS, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA THOMAS E. MCKONE, University of California, Berkeley, CA ROBERT PERCIASEPE, Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, Arlington, VA MARK A. RATNER, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL JOAN B. ROSE, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI GINA M. SOLOMON, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA ROBERT M. SUSSMAN, Sussman and Associates, Washington, DC DEBORAH L. SWACKHAMMER, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN PETER S. THORNE, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA JOYCE S. TSUJI, Exponent, Inc., Bellevue, WA Senior Staff JAMES J. REISA, Senior Director ELLEN K. MANTUS, Scholar and Director of Risk Assessment RAYMOND A. WASSEL, Scholar and Director of Environmental Studies DAVID J. POLICANSKY, Scholar SUSAN N.J. MARTEL, Senior Program Officer for Toxicology MIRSADA KARALIC-LONCAREVIC, Manager, Technical Information Center RADIAH ROSE-CRAWFORD, Manager,