j877 Index a acetone Abrus precatorius L. (jequirity bean) 804 – BAT value 520, 853 absinth 516 – blood concentration 520 absorption spectrophotometry (AS) 652–656, – clinical interpretation 522 668–671 – headspace-GC 171, 173, 519 ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) – medical assessment 520 inhibitors – toxicity 522 – GC-MS 161 acetonitrile acebutolol – headspace-GC 171, 173 – HPLC 457 – hepatotoxicity 749 acenocoumarol 303 – protein precipitation 119 – HPLC 305 acetorphine 867 acephate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) – ADI value 596 – BAT value 853 – MAK value 596 – determination 760 – TLC 594 – enzyme stability 763 aceprometazine – half-life of inhibited AChE 762 – TBPE test 179 – metabolite binding 702 acetaldehyde (ethanal) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor – headspace-GC 171, 173 – BAT value 853 acetamidoflunitrazepam acetyldigoxin 336 – HPLC 355 – elimination half-life 841 acetaminophen, see also paracetamol – plasma/serum concentration 841 – antidote 857 acetylmethadol 867 – clinical interpretation 205 6-acetylmorphine – elimination half-life 204, 841 – elimination half-life 247 – extraction 190 – GC–MS 247 – GC 198 – pharmacokinetics 247 – GC–MS 109, 112, 116 N-acetylprocainamide – HPLC 109, 112, 116, 193 – clinical interpretation 281 – immunoassay 203 – elimination half-life 281 – intoxication 144 – immunoassay 781 – medical assessment 204 – medical assessment 281 – metabolism 206 – metabolism 281 – plasma/serum concentration 841 – serum concentration 281 – serum concentration 204 acetylsalicylic acid 209 – toxic hemorrhagic disorder 751 – clinical interpretation 213 acetazolamide – elimination half-life 841 – acid-base balance 752 – extraction 190 Clinical Toxicological Analysis: Procedures, Results, Interpretation. Edited by Wolf-Rüdiger Külpmann Copyright Ó 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 978-3-527-31890-2 878j Index – GC 198 – toxic 830 – HPLC 193 – toxin detection 830 – intoxication 144 alimemazine – medical assessment 212 – TBPE test 179 – metabolism 209 alkaloid 804 – plasma/serum concentration 841 – clavinet 806 – serum concentration 212 – plant 158 acids 804 – pyrrolizidine 748 aconitine allobarbital 873 – TBPE test 180 – immunoassay 346 Aconitum napellus L. (monkshood) 785–786 allopurinol acrolein – elimination half-life 841 – headspace-GC 171, 173 – plasma/serum concentration 841 acrylonitrile allylprodine 867 – hepatotoxicity 749 alphacetylmethadol 867 Adamsite 734 alphameprodine 867 ADI (acceptable daily intake) value 561 alphamethadol 867 Aesculus hippocastanum L. (horse alphaprodine 867 chestnut) 804 alprazolam 873 aflatoxin 748 – elimination half-life 841 ajmaline 177 – GC–MS 408 – elimination half-life 841 – metabolism 359 – GC 274 – plasma/serum concentration 841 – HPLC 273 alprenolol – plasma/serum concentration 841 – HPLC 457 – TBPE test 179 – TBPE test 180 alcohols aluminium – anemia 751 – BAT value 853 – clinical interpretation 522 Amanita pantherina 813 – headspace-GC 517 Amanita phalloides 751, 811, 819 – highly volatile 511–523 – antidote 857 – medical assessment 520 a-amanitin aldicarb 564 – ELISA 159 – ADI value 574 amanitin 812, 817 – blood/serum concentration 574 – analytical strategy 821 – clinical interpretation 574 – therapy 821 – LD50 value 573 amatoxin 811, 816 – MAK value 574 – antidote 857 – medical assessment 573 – clinical interpretation 820 – toxicity 574 – HPLC 819 aldrin 578 – LC–MS 819 – ADI value 580 – immunoassay 817 – blood/plasma/serum concentration 581 – intoxication 820 – clinical interpretation 581 – medical assessment 819 – MAK value 580 – nephrotoxicity 749 – medical assessment 580 – screening procedure 816 – poisoning 581 – syndrome 811 – TLC 579 – toxic hemorrhagic disorder 751 – toxicity 580 Ambrosia artemisifolia 788 – toxicokinetics 580 ambroxol alfentanil 873 – HPLC 136 – elimination half-life 841 amezine – plasma/serum concentration 841 – TBPE test 180 algae amfepramone 873 Index j879 amfetamine 873 amlodipine amfetaminil 871 – elimination half-life 841 amikacin – plasma/serum concentration 841 – elimination half-life 841 amobarbital 873 – immunoassay 781 – elimination half-life 841 – plasma/serum concentration 841 – immunoassay 346 amineptin 871 – plasma/serum concentration 841 e-aminocaproic acid amphetamine 463–470, 873 – creatine kinase activity 750 – clinical interpretation 469 aminocarb – creatine kinase activity 750 – TLC 572 – drug-induced seizure 750 7-aminoflunitrazepam – elimination half-life 841 – HPLC 355 – GC-MS 109, 112, 116, 158, 467 aminoglycosides – HPLC 109, 112, 116, 467–469 – acid-base balance 752 – immunoassay 466 aminophenazone – medical assessment 469 – extraction 190 – metabolism 464 – GC 198 – minimal concentration to be detected 75 – HPLC 193 – plasma/serum concentration 841 aminorex 871 – TBPE test 179 5-aminosalicylic acid amphotericin B – elimination half-life 841 – acid-base balance 752 – plasma/serum concentration 841 – elimination half-life 841 aminothiol 699 – plasma/serum concentration 841 – GC–MS 700 ampicillin amiodarone – elimination half-life 841 – clinical interpretation 275 – plasma/serum concentration 841 – elimination half-life 275, 841 amrinone – GC 274 – elimination half-life 841 – GC–MS 109, 112, 116 – plasma/serum concentration 841 – HPLC 109, 112, 116, 273 amygdalin 806 – medical assessment 275 iso-amyl acetate (iso-pentyl acetate) – metabolism 276 – headspace-GC 172, 174 – plasma/serum concentration 841 n-amyl acetate (pentyl acetate) – serum concentration 275 – headspace-GC 172, 174 – TBPE test 179 analgesics 215–265 amisulpride – acid-base balance 752 – GC–MS 408 – group immunoassay 216 amitriptyline 414, 432–434 analgesics, nonopioid 189–214 – clinical interpretation 432–434 – GC-MS 158 – elimination half-life 841 analysis, toxicological – GC 405 – chemicals 8 – GC–MS 109, 112, 116, 408 – devices 5 – HPLC 109, 112, 116, 136, 397, 401 – impact 1, 96 – immunoassay 781 – management 7 – medical assessment 432–434 – methods 6 – metabolism 433 – personnel 8 – overdose 434 – technical requirements 7 – plasma/serum concentration 841 analytical assessment 77 – serum concentration 414, 435 analytical result – TBPE test 179 – assessment 77–79 amitriptyline-N-oxide analytical toxicological report 81–86 – GC–MS 408 – delivery 86 – TBPE test 179 anemia 880j Index – associated drug 751 – oral 615–619 anesthetics – poisoning 753 – acid-base balance 752 antidote 857–859 – drug-induced seizure 750 – monitoring 754 – local 158 antidysrhythmic agent 271–284 angels trumpet (Brugmansia sanguinea L.) – GC–MS 158 785–786 – HPLC 273 angiotensin receptor blockers – immunoassay 272 – GC-MS 161 antihistamines (H1 antagonists) anileridine 867 – antidote 857 aniline – drug-induced seizure 750 – BAT value 853 – GC-MS 158 – headspace-GC 171, 174 anti-inflammatory drug aniline derivative – nonsteroidal 751 – anemia 751 antimalarial agent animal – anemia 751 – diagnosis of poisoning caused by antimony animal 825 – hepatotoxicity 749 – marine 826 – nephrotoxicity 749 – terrestrial 831 antineoplastic drugs – venomous and poisonous 825–834 – IA, HPLC, LC–MS 159 antazoline antiparkinsonian agents – TBPE test 179 – antidote 857 anticoagulants 301–311 – GC-MS 158 – anemia 751 antipsychotics – GC-MS 161 – drug-induced seizure 750 – HPLC 303 antipyrine, see also phenazone – mechanism of action 302 – clinical interpretation 208 – screening method 302 – elimination half-life 207, 841 – toxic hemorrhagic disorder 751 – GC 198 anticonvulsants 287–300 – GC–MS 113 – GC-MS 158 – HPLC 113, 193 – HPLC 289 – medical assessment 207 – immunoassay 288 – metabolism 208 antidepressants 393–452 – plasma/serum concentration 841 – color test 394 – serum concentration 207 – drug-induced seizure 750 antirheumatics 189–214 – GC-MS 158 antirheumatics, nonsteroidal – group assay 393 – GC-MS 161 – HPLC 396 Apocynum cannabinum (dog bane) 806 – immunoassay 393 aprobarbital – intoxication 139 – elimination half-life 841 – tricyclic – immunoassay 346 – antidote 433, 857 – plasma/serum concentration 841 – intoxication 432 Areca catechu (betel nut) 799 – minimal concentration to be detected 75 Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby wood rose) – poisoning 753 806 – tetracyclic Arisaema spp. 789–790 – minimal concentration to be detected 75 aripiprazole antidiabetics 613–621 – elimination half-life 841 – drug-induced seizure 750 – GC–MS 408 – GC–MS 161 – plasma/serum concentration 841 – HPLC–MS 615 aromatics (BTEX) 523–531 – LC–MS 618–619 – GC 523 Index j881 – headspace-GC 526 barbiturates 339–350 arsenic – GC-MS 158, 161 – antidote 857 – minimal concentration to be detected 75 – liver toxin 748 – poisoning 753 – nephrotoxicity 749 BDB (benzodioxazolylbutanamine) 463–464 arsine Begonia spp. 789–790 – anemia 751 bendiocarb – hepatotoxicity 749 – ADI value 574 – nephrotoxicity 749 – LD50 value 573 assessment of analytical results 77 – MAK value 574 – analytical 77 benomyl – biological 78 – ADI value 574 – nosological 79 – MAK value 574 Artemisia absinthium L. 804 benperidol astemizole – GC 405 – TBPE test 179 – GC–MS 408 atenolol 458 – HPLC 397 – elimination half-life 841 – TBPE test 180 – GC–MS 109, 112, 116 benzaldehyde – HPLC 109, 112, 116, 457 – headspace-GC 171, 174 – metabolism 458 benzalkonium chloride – plasma half-life 458 – TBPE test 179 – plasma/serum concentration 458, 841 benzbromarone atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) 664 – elimination half-life 842 Atropa belladonna L. (deadly nightshade) 785 – HPLC 305 – antidote 857 – plasma/serum concentration 842 atropine 791 benzene – elimination half-life 842 – BAT value 527 – plasma/serum concentration 842