perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id THE ANALYSIS OF PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES IN TWITTER TEXT THESIS Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment for Requirements For The Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts Sebelas Maret University By: Sabila Rosdiana C0308006 FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2012 commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id PRONOUNCEMENT The researcher honestly declares that the thesis The Analysis of Paralinguistic Features in Twitter Textsis not a plagiarism. The thesis is originally written by the written in quotation and stated in the bibliography. If the pronouncement is proven to be incorrect, I will be ready to accept any academic consequence and penalty, including the cancellation of the thesis and academic degree obtained from completing the thesis and study. Surakarta, November 2012 Sabila Rosdiana commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id (Waltz Disney) (Surah Al-Insyirah 5) (Onew, SHINee) (Infinite) commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ACKNOWLEDGEMENT , praise and gratitude are to the Most Merciful and the Most Beneficent, Allah SWT, for blessing the writer in accomplishing this thesis entitledTheAnalysis of Paralinguistic Features in Twitter Texts. I would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to the people who have ever helped her in finishing this thesis. 1. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed.,Ph.D. as the Dean of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts for giving the approval for this thesis. 2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.Hum.,Ph.Das the Head of English Department for supporting the finishing of this thesis. 3. Dr. Sri Marmanto, M.Humas mythesis consultant for guiding me in accomplishing this thesis. Thank you for the patience and suggestion to assist me in finishing this thesis. 4. Dra. SK Habsari, M.Hum.,Ph.D as my academic supervisor for the assistance during my study. Thank you for the guidance and support during my study in Sebelas Maret University. 5. although it was just a short time we met, thank for your kindness and support. 6. All the lecturers in English Department, who had taught me, thank you for giving guidance during my study. commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id 7. The lifetime motivators, my endless lovemother and father, my two brothers, my sister in-law an coming-soon thank you for thesupport, and pray that is always spoken every time. 8. me happy when I was getting bored in finishing my thesis. 9. My Shining Stars, Skull Princess, KANSAS, Kiki unnie and Momo. Thank you for being my eternal friends. 10. My Twitter , Unay unnie, Ekka,Oliph,KBS fellas and everyone whom I could not write here. Thank you for the support. 11. All English Department 2008students. 12. Everyone whom I meet in my life. 13. The last but not least, My Infinite, SHINee and B1A4 boys who always accompanied me in finishing my thesis. I realize that this report is not perfect, in order to make it better, I accept some advice and criticism. Finally, I wish this research paper would be useful for all readers. Surakarta,November 2012 The researcher commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id TABLE OF CONTENTS i ii iii iv v vi vii TABLE OF CO ix LIST OF xii xiii ABSTRACT xiv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. 1 B. 7 C. 7 D. 8 E. Researc 8 F. Research Benefits 9 G. 9 commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id CHAPTER II: THEORITICAL REVIEW A. Communication 11 B. 12 C. Speech Community 13 D. Internet Language 14 E. Paralinguistics 17 F. 18 G. Twitter 22 1. Brief History of Twitter 22 2. How Twitter 24 3. Features of Twitter 25 4. Article related with Twitter 27 H. 29 I. Other Relat 30 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Type of 32 B. Data and Source of Data 32 C. Sample and Sam 33 D. Research Procedure 34 E. Technique of Col 34 F. Technique of 35 G. Technique of An 37 commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS A. Introduction to Data Analysis 38 B. Data Analysi 39 C. Discus 92 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. 101 B. Suggest 107 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1. Classification of Paralanguage Features ... 39 commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 12 Figure 2.2 Smiley 22 Figure 2.3 Verified Account on Twitter 24 Figure 4.1 98 commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background Human beings are social beings who need others to help them in living. They live in society which most activities are usually done relating to each other. Therefore, they need communication to interact with others. Communication happens between two or more persons whom relate to each other. It is used by human beings to get their needs. It is also needed to maintain good relationship with others. In short, communication holds an important role for human beings. To communicate, human beings need a tool called language. Language is the main instrument in communication. It is used to convey meaning from one person to another. According to Sapir, Language is a purely human and non- instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols (1921:8). Symbols are sounds or things which have meaning given to person by the users and originally, the meaning is arbitrarily assigned. In other words, language is built from symbols and constructs a meaning (O'Neil, 2006). Language is as a systematic, the conventional use of sounds, signs, or written symbol in a human society for communication and self-expression (Crystal in Tonkin, 2004). In short, human uses language to express emotion or ideas in order to communicate with many kinds of variation symbols that have been conventionally assigned whether by any certain of group or large group. Nowadays, with the development of technology, people could communicate with others at anytime and any places in the world. Cell phone, commit to user 1 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id 2 computer and laptop are always being developed to the more sophisticated one in order to help people become more mobile in communication for instance SMS (Short Message Service) and it is called Computer Mediated-Communication (CMC). Mostly the CMC is text-based which is similar with written communication (Herring, 2001). Moreover, Internet access is also being a part of CMC that attracts many people to use it. It is also stated that language will change 1). The sophisticated technologies, the developments of new products and new experiences must need new proper words to refer them more clearly and efficiently. Internet itself makes some changes into the nature of language. It is called Internet Language or NetSpeak. Davis and Brewer, quoted from Crystal (2001), explained that it is writing that very often reads as if it were being spoken and as if the sender were writing talking. Internet language or NetSpeak is invariably more dynamic, unpredictable, spontaneous, and public (Thurlow, 2001). Therefore, it appeals its users since every written message is read as it is spoken by the sender. The different types and styles of language are being written as it is spoken, for instance language of geeks and its jargons which has a strong influence to the characteristic of NetSpeak (Crystal, 2001: 25). It is clear that the NetSpeak has different mode which combines the spoken and written mode. One of the differences between the spoken and written mode itself is the usage of paralanguage. In spoken mode, people could transfer message featured with intonation, tone, pitch, etc which helps the sender to modify meaning or convey emotion. (Crystal, 1975). Meanwhile, NetSpeak is commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id 3 quite different. Although it is text-based, the user of NetSpeak still could employ some paralanguage expressions which make it looks like it is being spoken face- to-face. Thus, the form of paralanguage itself is also in written form. The existence of paralanguage in NetSpeak somehow appeals many users to join the conversation or getting related into Internet. It is also stated that without that kind of expressions, the chatting on the Net would be pretty boring (Roeder in Voichici, 2004). Commonly, paralanguage is always related to non-verbal elements such as tone, pitch, facial expression, gesture and many more but it is quite different in NetSpeak. Everything is written and so does the expression. For the example, the use of exaggerate of exclamation mark (!!!!) which means that the sender wants something to be necessarily noticed. There are some others paralanguage features which would clearly present later. As the nature of paralanguage, it is not literally seen as language, but one of the language properties which seem to have important role in the communication of meaning (Crystal, 1975: 163). Internet access makes people invent new tool in communication which is well-known as Social Networking. The emergence of Social Networking Sites (SNS) leads people to interact more often to share interest, activities, ideas or real- life connections within their individual network. In 2005, Facebook was introduced by Mark Zuckerberg.