Human Geography of Europe and Russia I. Mediterranean Europe-Region where ________________________________________________ Greece o Made up of political units called _________________________ o Athens developed the 1st ______________________________ o Persian Wars in 400s B.C. weakened the city-states o In 338 B.C. __________________________________________ conquered Greece and part of India, spreading Greek culture Italy o Roman Empire-Ruled entire peninsula by ______________________ and was a ______________ o The Crusades- Began in 1096 A.D. and was a __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ o Renaissance- 14th to 16th Centuries and was a _________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ o Bubonic Plague (aka the ________________________) in 1347. Spain o Ruled by the Muslims for about 700 years. Roman _____________________________ and Muslim ____________________________ still exist today. II. Western Europe France and Germany were considered the 2 most dominant countries in Western Europe The Reformation- Started in _______________ by _________________________. It was a time when _______________________________________________________________________________________ The Rise of Nation-States o Feudalism o Nationalism French Revolution (1789)-Overthrew the king (Louis XVI) and created a _____________________________. World War I (1914-1918)-Allied Powers (France, Great Britain, Russia, US) vs. Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary). o Began when Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) was assassinated by a Serbs o _________________________________________ended the war World War II (1939-1945)- Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, Russia, US) vs. Axis Powers (Germany and Italy) o Known as a Total War o Holocaust o Berlin Wall- Built after WWII to divide Germany in two. ______________________ was communist, __________________________ was democratic. Torn down in 1989 with the collapse of communism in Europe III. Northern Europe England o William the Conqueror of __________________ took over in _______________ o In 1801, England took over _______________________________,___________________________, and __________________________________ to form _____________________________________ o Had a global empire by the 1800s o Britain’s government is a _________________________________________________________. o Magna Carta (1215) Scandinavia o Consists of ________________________, _______________________, _____________________ and ___________________. IV. Eastern Europe o Known as a ___________________________________________________ o Ottoman Empire controlled part of Eastern Europe in the 1300-1400s o 1400s: Austria forced Ottoman’s out of Hungary, creating Austria-Hungary o 1913 began a process of balkanization, or the _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ o After World War II, Russia took over the region and Eastern Europe became _________________________ V. Russia o In the 9th century, Vikings settled the area between the ________________ and ______________ Seas. o _______________________________ controlled the area from the 1200s to 1500s. They were pushed out by ______________ the Great. o As Russia began to grow, ___________________________________ moved the capital to St. Petersburg and set out to modernize Russia. o Rise and Fall of Soviet Union o Russian Revolution (1917) o In 1922, Russia was now known as the ______________________________________________ (USSR). Joseph Stalin took over after Vladimir Lenin by the late 1930s. o Stalin and the communist party took over Eastern Europe after WWII and began the _______________________ between the USSR and US. o ______________________________________ gave freedoms to the people and this led to the collapse of the Soviet Union in ___________________. o Soviet Union was a command economy and set up _________________________________________. VI. Transcaucasia consists of _______________________, _______________________, and ___________________ o Used as a migration route between Europe and Asia, creating __________________________________. VII. Central Asia consists of ________________________, ________________________, ______________________, ____________________________, and _______________________________. o Includes the Silk Road. .