PROCEEDINGS ICTESS UNISRI 2017 ISSN: 2549-094X Vol 1, Number 1, January 2017 The role of Arabs in the Trade and Economic Life in Society Surakarta Retna Murtiningsih Sebelas Maret University Post Graduate Program of History Education Abstract: The role of the Arab / Encik in the world economy has been felt since decades ago. This is closely related to the identity of an entrepreneur in the field of economy . In addition, the context of socio-cultural and political interactions participate cultivate an Arab identity/ Encik in Surakarta . It thus may be either positive or negative for a particular community. As an example application on ethnic interaction in Surakarta , completes this contextual thinking . Projections for overcoming the task together cover all aspects of the nation's economy between people and government . Keywords : trade , economic activities , market. Arab/Encik, Indigenous , globalization . A. INTRODUCTION live in the archipelago mostly from Said Hamka (1961 ) that the Hadramaut , and some were from Arabs were the pioneers of Islam , they Maskat , the edge of the Persian Gulf , have come to the Malay states in the Yemen , Hijaz , Egypt or from the east VII century AD, or the first year of coast of Africa . They become Islam . Thus , the history of Islam to middlemen , small traders , Indonesia , especially the history of its shopkeepers , market penetration and development is inseparable from the menyediaka goods and services that history of the influx of Arab are not carried immigrants from immigrants in Indonesia . These data Europe , also conducted lend money . also reinforce the notion that Islam in The Arab nomads began to Indonesia is not organized by a State or come en masse to the archipelago in official body of the country . The entry the last years of the 18th century , but of Islam voluntarily brought by traders , they began much settled on the island merchants who originally came to buy of Java after 1820. According to spices needed and will be sold . statistics in 1858 recorded a population Their livelihood as traders of Arab descent who lived in Indonesia carrying goods from Arab and as many as 1,662 , or about 30 % of the homecoming brings spice , Arabs who 144 PROCEEDINGS ICTESS UNISRI 2017 ISSN: 2549-094X Vol 1, Number 1, January 2017 number of Arab communities who nobility and big traders would be very migrated in that year . proud if could take the law or the law Arab immigrants already living of the Arabs , especially from among in cities Maritim Indonesia since the Sayid . early years of the 19th century Step Generally they are traders. Muslim Arab scholars Hadramaut traders usually spend months to sell his services have played an important role wares to the end in order to purchase in the process and development of local merchandise and bring it back to Islam among the people of Surakarta , their respective countries. In addition, characterized spread their taklim the cruise they do to return to the assemblies that have been followed by country of origin depending on the indigenous communities ( Surakarta ) . season. The distance between Other services with the Arab people Indonesia and the Arabian Peninsula who settled in Surakarta Hadramaut takes a long time and is determined by assimilated and acculturated with local the weather. They migrated to culture that gave birth to the spirit Indonesia without bringing wives and Surakarta Islamic mosque building composed entirely of men, young and does have a strategic role, among old, and children. Usually they settled others, where the Muslims: worship in groups in a neighborhood near the and draw closer to Allah SWT, port city. Then the relationships beri'tikaf, self-cleaning, galvanizing between groups of Muslim merchants mind to build awareness and get the with indigenous communities gradual religious experience that has always realization. Such conditions cause the maintained the balance of body and Arab traders hold a kinship through soul and the wholeness of personality , marriage with the natives, breed and where deliberation of the Muslims in did not return to their homeland. order to solve the problems that arise in Whenever there are back home , society, consulted, filed difficulties, they simply visit their families . This ask for help and assistance, fostering a data shows the social relations between bond integrity and Gotong jama'ah the Arabs with the locals appear once royongan in realizing common in a marriage relationship , especially prosperity, a coaching and the indigenous population of the development kader- leadership cadres 145 PROCEEDINGS ICTESS UNISRI 2017 ISSN: 2549-094X Vol 1, Number 1, January 2017 of the people, place settings and social 1. How does the influx of people / activities. Other acculturation pathway ethnic Arabs to the city of Surakarta ? is through religious rituals bring 2. Interchangeability of the ethos of together indigenous communities propaganda into Entrepreneurial around the Arab descent. As in the spirit . implementation of the Friday prayers 3. The role and influence of people / at the moment where this happens ethnic Arabs in the economy in fairly intensive assimilation by the two Surakarta . societies.culture , such as art, music B. DISCUSSION qosidah . A. The process of the influx of Culture Hadramaut more people / ethnic Arabs to the city of commonly used , especially in Surakarta religious rituals , namely the use of the After the great schism among abaya ( qamis ) in the form of long Muslims that led to the killing of the white robe with ( iqal ) Igal is also fourth Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib, start a white tied around the head . The use of movement (migration) mass of the language market ( suqiyah ) apart from offspring to various corners of the the Arab and Arabic grammar . world. When Imam Ahmad Al- Sometimes Indonesian in his talk Muhajir emigrated from Iraq to inserted Arabic , such as " Ente ( you ) Hadramaut province in Yemen about a want dibikinin gahwah ( qohwah ) thousand years ago, the descendants of coffee " , then the word " harim " to Ali bin Abi Talib and 70 people addressed to the nice lady who has brought family and followers. become a wife or not , the word " syahi Since then develops his descendants to " which means the tea into the be the largest tribes in Hadhramaut, language their daily conversation , and and from Hadramaut city is the main combined with the Java language . origin of the Arab colony that settled B. FORMULATION OF THE and mingled become citizens in PROBLEM Indonesia and countries Asialainnya. From the background of the Besides Indonesia, the Hadramaut is above problems , it can produce some also widely available in Oman, India, problems as follows : Pakistan, South Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore. There are also people 146 PROCEEDINGS ICTESS UNISRI 2017 ISSN: 2549-094X Vol 1, Number 1, January 2017 of Arab descent who hails from the Muhammad Sahib Mirbath of country of the Middle East and Africa Hadramaut . It besama sons preach in Indonesia, misalnyadari Egypt, much to all corners of Southeast Asia Saudi Arabia, Sudan or Morocco; but to the archipelago with the main fewer than those from Hadramaut. strategy to spread Islam through The arrival of the Arab colony marriage with locals mainly from the of Hadramaut to Indonesia is Hindu palaces . estimated to occur in 3 main wave , as Ages 17-19 AD follows : This century is marked by the 1. Ages 9-11 AD last wave of mass migration of the The historical record is the Hadramaut Ba'alawi Sada who spread oldest royal establishment Perlak I Islam while trade in the archipelago. ( East ) on the 1st of Muharram 225 H Immigrants latter can be marked ( 840 AD) . Only two centuries after descendants until now because, unlike the death of the Prophet , one of the its predecessor, does not do a lot of descendants of Sayyid Ali bin interbreeding with the native Muhammad bin Ja'far Sadiq Dibaj population. Moreover, it can be emigrated to the government Perlak . marked with the clan that we know He later married the younger brother of today as Alatas, Assegaf Al Jufri, King Perlak Syahir Nuwi From this Alaydrus, Shihab, Syahab, and others. marriage was born Abdul Aziz Shah This is understandable because the Sultan ( Raja Islam ) Perlak ] The clans have recently formed. Recorded historical record is officially owned by in the history of Hadramaut, is the the Council of Regency of East Aceh oldest clan As Saqqaf (Assegaf), which and amplified in the seminar as the became the title for Sheikh papers ' History Log and development Abdurrahman bin Mohammed Al of Islam in Aceh ' July 10, 1978 by ( the Mauladdawilah after his death in 731 late) Professor Ali Hasymi . H or 14-15 century AD While other 2. Century AD 12-15 clans to form even more recent, This time is the time of arrival of generally at 16 pabad usually the clan the mayor of Amanah spearheaded by name is taken from the title of a highly Sheikh Jamaluddin Akbar large family respected local imam. Based on of Gujarat , was a descendant of Sheikh estimates in 1366 H (or about 57 years 147 PROCEEDINGS ICTESS UNISRI 2017 ISSN: 2549-094X Vol 1, Number 1, January 2017 ago), their numbers are now no less In 1870 the Suez Canal was than 70 thousand inhabitants. It opened , so that the ships from Europe consists of approximately 200 genera. to the East Indies included can be 3. Ages 17-19 AD directly through the Suez . Then the This century is marked by the port of Tanjung Priok was built in 1877 last wave of mass migration of the in a modern, next KPM ( Koninklijke Hadramaut Ba'alawi Sada who spread Paketvaart Maatschappij ) , a Dutch Islam while trade in the archipelago. shipping company operated in 1888 The last newcomer is able to defeat with the Europe- Indies , thus allowing marked his descendants until now the Marga Arab Hadramaut or because, unlike its predecessor, does Egyptian Arabic come to the Indies , not do a lot of interbreeding with the and gradually began in 1870 until after native population.