Views into the Chinese Room New Essays on Searle and Artificial Intelligence EDITED BY John Preston and Mark Bishop CLARENDON PRESS • OXFORD CONTENTS Notes on the Contributors ix 1. Introduction 1 John Preston 2. Twenty-One Years in the Chinese Room 51 John R. Searle 3. Searle's Arguments against Cognitive Science 70 Ned Block 4. Understanding, Orientations, and Objectivity 80 Terry Winograd 5. A Chinese Room that Understands 95 Herbert A. Simon and Stuart A. Eisenstadt 6. The Chinese Room from a Logical Point of View 109 B. Jack Copeland 7. Nixin'Goes to China 123 Larry Häuser 8. Real Robots and the Missing Thought-Experiment in the Chinese Room Dialectic 144 Selmer Bringsjord and Ron Noel 9. Wittgenstein's Anticipation of the Chinese Room 167 Diane Proudfoot 10. The Hinterland of the Chinese Room 181 Jeff Coulter and Wes Sharrock viii / Contents 11. Searle's Misunderstandings of Functionalism and Strong AI 201 Georges Rey 12. Consciousness, Computation, and the Chinese Room 226 Roger Penrose 13. Neural Depictions of'World' and 'Self: Bringing Computational Understanding to the Chinese Room 250 Igor Aleksander 14. Do Virtual Actions Avoid the Chinese Room? 269 John G. Taylor 15. Minds, Machines, and Searle 2: What's Right and Wrong about the Chinese Room Argument 294 Stevan Harnad 16. Alien Encounters 308 Kevin Warwick 17. Cyborgs in the Chinese Room: Boundaries Transgressed and Boundaries Blurred 319 Alison Adam 18. Change in the Rules: Computers, Dynamical Systems, and Searle 338 Michael Wheeler 19. Dancing With Pixies: Strong Artificial Intelligence and Panpsychism 360 Mark Bishop 20. Syntax, Semantics, Physics 379 John Haugeland A Short Bibliography on Searle's Arguments 393 Index 405 .