Electromagnetic Railgun INP (Innovative Naval Prototype) CDR Carl Carney 2016 EDO Symposium 29 APR – 01MAY 2016 EM Railgun INP • S&T Customers: ONR Code 35 • Transition Customers: – PMS 405—PEO Ships • CAPT Ziv – Dual Hatted with IWS • ONR-RC Focus Areas: – Technology • RC Project Lead: CDR Carl Carney – NSWC Dahlgren Support: CDR Cynthia Holland For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change Is this what you think of when you hear RAILGUN? 80 cm German Gun “Dora” circa 1942 THINK AGAIN!! For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change ONR / NRL Science and Technology: Taking Science Fiction… • Transformers 2 – Video 1 For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change Hollywood – Style Navy Railguns Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, Paramount Pictures (2009) For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change …and Making Science Fact • NRL—2 lines: Medium Cal MTF & small bore SRG – Video2 & – 3 Video3 – • NSWC Dahlgren--5 lines and increasing For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change NSWC Dahlgren 32-MJ Launch Event For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change Dahlgren Dispense Video For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change BAE ACL Firing Video For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change Naval S&T Portfolio Broad 5-20 years Discovery & Invention 4-8 years (Basic and Applied Leap Ahead Science) 2-4 years Focus Innovations Technology (Innovative Naval Prototypes) Maturation 1-2 years ≈ 12% ≈ 45% (FNCs, etc) Quick Reaction & Other S&T ≈ 30% ≈ 8% Narrow Near Time Frame Long For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change Transitioning Science and Technology Transitioning Science and Technology to a Program of Record Crossing the Valley of Death For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change The Valley of Death The Divide Between S&T and Program Management S&T Enables R&D Purpose of S&T: – Creates technological advantage and revolutionary capabilities for the warfighter – Informs early warfighting concept development in the “science of the possible” – Fuels innovation across DOTMLPF, not only materiel solutions – Informs the requirements development process – Prevents technological surprise Maturation: Ideation • Nurture the Gather the • Promote • Growth • S&T Phase: Inputs Maturity, • Military • Deliver S&T to SYSCOMs and PEOs Plant the Tech Demo • Application Seeds Risk of High High Moderate Low - Success Expected failure* • • • • Budget 6.1 Basic Research 6.2 Applied 6.3 Advanced Tech 6.4 Advanced 6.5 System 6.6 RDT&E 6.7 Operation “Valley of Death” Activity Science Principles Research Demo component Development and Management System Discoveries Application of Prototypes and (BA)/ development and Demonstration Support Development (Phenomenology) research to demonstrators prototype RDT&E military problems (Utility) Objective: (Feasibility) S&T R&D For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change Valley of Death Issues 1. The Innovative Naval Prototype Model is designed to take a high risk disruptive technology and mitigate those risks by: a. Developing science and engineering /integration in parallel. a. NRL developing the science and has 2 systems b. NSWC Dahlgren has 2 major cal systems and 4 or so medium cal systems c. Intent is to find out where we fail and fail early so as to find solutions in the R&D phase prior to initiation of program of record 2. Challenges still to be conquered a. We have not settled on a rail material set yet b. Corrosion issues are just now being looked at c. No one has gotten a railgun barrel “wet” yet, and this is going on the bow of a ship d. Simulation and prediction needs to be better, which means that coupled physics elements and transient material properties need to be better e. Isolating RG from rest of ship’s grid during firing will be important 3. Railgun is NOT a program of record yet a. There is still time to address these issues prior to milestone 0/milestone 1 b. Due to be a program of record in about 2 years—probably ACAT 1 or 1A For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change DoD Technologies that Changed Warfighting EM Railgun INP Phase II FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 Rep-Rate Pulsed Power Prototype Fabrication & Install Demo Rep Rate Lab Launcher with Design Initial Rep-Rate Fabrication & Install Rep-Rate Demo Auto-Loader (Enables 100+ NM application) 5MJ Rep-Rate Testing EMLF Test Facility Rep Rate NSWCDD Industry Launcher Concept Design Preliminary – Detail Design and Fabrication Industry Launcher Rep-Rate Demo INP II Focused on Rep-Rate and Thermal Management For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change EM Railgun INP: The Technology • What a Railgun is NOT: For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change EM Railgun INP Technology • What a Railgun is NOT: • Coil Gun Systems are the “Mac Truck” of EM Launch – Accelerate tons of payload to 100s of MPH/KPH For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change EM Railgun INP Technology • What A Railgun Is: Launch by electricity alone – Accelerates a modest 15 – 30 kg weight to Mach 7.5 + – Direct Current (DC Device)—single turn motor – Is a High Current Device (millisecond time scale) – Requires Metal to metal Sliding contact between rails – Uses Base-Push Armature: Projectile not part of circuit Flight body Conducting armature Front bore rider and scoop Rails For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change Basic Railgun Operating Principle Operating Principle Cross-Section (4)(4) SabotSabot andand armaturearmature discards (3) Force from magnetic field and armature current pushes projectile down barrel Insulator B Rail F Composite Wrap (2) Switch closes, current J flows through cables, rails & armature (1) Electrical energy stored in Lorentz Force = Current (J) X Magnetic Field (B) capacitor bank or Lorentz Force =1/2 Inductance Gradient (L’) * Current (I)^2 For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change MTF Railgun Operation Main Closing Modern railguns use Switch high energy density caps and solid state switches Inductor Armature Rails I I I 0 I 0 Capacitive Crowbar Switch 0 Energy Storage Traps Energy in Inductor 0 Current 0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 Breech Voltage Velocity Muzzle Voltage For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change EM Railgun INP Technology • Railguns are the Formula 1 race cars of EM Launch – Zero to Mach 7.5+ in 6 to 10 Meters (or less) For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change Railgun Operational Impact • Wide Area Coverage – Increased speed to target – Long range fire • Accelerates operational tempo – Faster attrition of enemy personnel and equipment – Operation timeline shifts left • Reduces Cost per Kill – Lower Unit Cost – Lower handling cost • Enhances Safety – No risk of sympathetic detonation – Simplified storage, transportation and replenishment • Multi-Mission Capability – Reduced collateral damage • Surface Warfare – No unexploded ordnance on • Missile Defense battlefield • Long Range Fires • Reduces Logistics • Direct Fire – Eliminates gun powder trail • ASuW – Deep magazines Multi-Mission Capable for Offense and Defense For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change Range and Trajectory for Future Guns Systems EM Gun can provide 100 – 200+ nm range for precision guided munitions TOTAL RANGE (km) 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 500 160 Future 80 Current Assault 140 STOM Range Requirement Requirement 70 (MV-22) 120 64MJ RAILGUN 2007-17 196240 sq miles (@ 250 nm) 60 6 min time of flight 100 7 Ships, 2 guns, 5000 rnds /Ship 50 EML Projectile IOC: 2020 80 32MJ RAILGUN OPTION 45216 sq miles (@ 120 nm) 40 Altitude (nm) Altitude (km) 4 min time of flight 60 32MJ EML Projectile 30 155 mm / LRLAP AGS 40 •29544 sq miles (@ 97 nm) 20 5 •6 min flight @ max rng ” / ERM •7 ships, 2 guns, 600 rnds/ship 20 10 5”/54 0 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 TOTAL RANGE (nm) For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change EM Railgun INP Relevance to Warfighter and Navy • Impact: Mach 7.5 beats conventional Mach 1 to Mach 3 every time! – Shock and Awe taken to the next level – Multiple missions and relatively small footprint • NRL(indoor range) NSWC_DD(outdoor range) For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change Relevance to Warfighter and Navy • Three potential employment schemes to-date: – 1. Indirect fire mission (Naval Gun Fire Support) – 2. Direct Fire (Battle Group Defense from hypersonic threats) – 3. Forward Operating Base defense (“Iron Dome”) For instructional purposes only. Actual schedules and platforms subject to change High Current Sliding Contacts Dominate Railgun Physics High pressure metal-metal Sliding Contact Velocity • contact • Time and velocity dependent High Armature Pressure current distributions Velocity comparable to field Magnetic Field • (current) penetration times Current Velocity Rail Current Railgun by the Numbers • Projectile Energy – 20 kg LP with 15 kg flight body – Kinetic energy shell – penetrator