CENSUS OF INDIA, 1961 VOLUME VIII M.ADHYA PRADESH PART VIII ADMINIST.RATION REPORT A-ENUMERATION G. JAG~THPATHI Superintendent if Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh BHOPAL GoVERNMENT CENTRAL PREss 1963 MADHYA PRADESH 1961, Census Publications The Madhya Pradesh State 1961 Census Publications, which will form Volume VIn in All-India Census Series, called "Census of India, 1961", will be in the following parts :-:-- PART lA-General Report. PART IE-Report on Vital Statistics. PART IC-Subsidiary Tables including reprints, if any, from previous Census Reports. PART II A-General Population Tables (A Series) for the State and Primary Census Abstract (This volume will contain the State Tables down to the Tahsils and all cities, town-groups and towns). PART II .B--Economic Tables (B Series, Table I-IX). Likely to be in two sub-parts. PART II C.-Cultural and Migration Tables (0 and D Series). Likely to be in two sub-parts. PART III--Household Economic Table-Based on Household Schedules. (B Series. Table X to XVI). PART IV~Housing and Establishment Tables (E Series Tables) including Subsidiary Tables and Report on Housing and Establishment Tables. PART V A-Report and Tables on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SCT. se and ST Series Tables). PART V R-Reprints from old Census Reports and Castes and Tribes. PART VI-Village Survey Monographs. To be in several sub-parts. PART VII-Survey of Handicrafts-To be in several sub-parUo. PART VIII A-Administration Report-Enumeration. PART VIII B-Administration Report-Tabulation. PART IX-Maps. PREFACE A census administration report should be considered useful not so much for the "do's' that it may throw light upon as for the 'donts' which, in retrospect, stand out more clearly. One never ceases to thank God that, inspite Df the mistakes that one has commit­ ted, the whole machinery is still resilient enough to corne out finally with a reasonable degree of success. It is the much·maligned patwari and the school·teacher-and a hast of other humble, low'paid afficials in and outside government-that make extensive operations like the census at all possible. One hopes that, in the years to come, people in high position will do all they can to make these devoted workers feel that they are at least nat forgotten; it is indeed unfortunate that, for some years now, references to' them have been generally uncomplimentary-almost suggesting that they clearly fall outside the select circle of those whO' serve India's cause. ~. I am also unable to shake off an impression that', even in the crucial, final stage of the census, the whole system is not as devatedly geared to the single objective of making the campaign a success as one is entitled to expect it would be-though, by and large, It is so. I remember an instance af a few officials of a particular department whO', when enumeratian was only a few weeks away, were under orders of transfer from their districts to anather where a special campaign in the field of agricultural praductian had been launched. It was dear~-at least to me-that their connection with the campaign was by no means so direct and vital as to spell its success or failure but both an able junior colleague af mine and a respected officer of high seniority could not appr~ciate my point af view. Luck, haw€ver, was on my side. On the other hand, I shall always recall with a deep debt of gratitude the unstinted co-operation that it was my gaod fartune to be favoured with from many others. The vast majarity of workers put in a good deal of hard work and there were quite a few Collectors and District Census Officers whO' knew the instructions perhaps better than I-the protagonist af this drama-did. The petty· jealausies and animosities of the bureaucratic world aften make one feel that cynical is what one should be; but after the census, I shall be retiring from the field with a pleasant memDry of (nearly!) universal co-operation. To the Superintendent, Govern­ ment Printing, Madhya Pradesh, and his workers, I am particularly grateful for doing rush jobs with great zeal and skilL Finally, I shauld like to place on recard the deep debt af gratitude that lowe to Shri Asok Mitra, LC.S., Registrar General, India, and Shri H. S. Kamath, Le.S., Chief Secretary, Madhya Pradesh, withaut whose sympathy and guidance it would have been presumptuous of me to hope to conduct a census. G. JAGATHPATHI, Superintendent of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh. LIST OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER I In trod uction 1 (Census Legislation-The Beginning-Training-Permanent Census Functions-Determination of Towns-Staff­ Nature of Census Operations-Statistical Officials-Depu­ tation-Recruitment-Strength-Accommodation.) CHAPTER II The Preliminaries 19 (The Two Pre-tests-Programme for a Pre-test-Location Code Numbering-Permanence thereof-New Schedules of the 1961 Census-Timing-The Household-cum-Individual Schedule-Agriculture-Other Activity-Census Popula. tion Record-Vital Statistics-The 1951 National Register of Citizens-The Questions-The abstracts-Scheduled Castes and Tribes-The Instructions Centralisation, its limits-Conference-Transla tion). CHAPTER III . The Operation and its Phases 38 (The Manua] Vs. Circt.tlars-The First Circular-Difficulties­ The Census Organisation-The Rural Urban classification -The Census of Cities-Circles and Blocks-Training­ Defects in Enumeration-Provisional Totals-Post Enu­ meration Check-Publicity-Census of Technical and Scien tific Personnel-Associated Studies-Maps-Fertili ty Survey-The Total Load.) CHAPTER IV Miscellaneous Ma tters 57 (Notification-Appointment Letters-Printing-Touring­ Accounts-Budget-Financial Powers-Permanent Ad. vance-Clerical Staff in the Districts-Honoraria-Recog­ nition of Census Services-The Cost of Enumeration-A Census Martyr.) APPENUICES-A·X 63 • Th-: Governor of J\1adll',;a Pradesh answermg Census qllestions. INTRODUCTION egislalion-The beginning-Training- Perrnanent Census Functions-Determina· C S 1 (emu. ofJ Towns-Staft-Nature of CO'ensus peratwns- S"tattsttca I Olfi eta. l s-D eP u t a- ltOn tion-Recruitment-Strength-Accommodation.) A-THE CENSUS ACT ted under this secti?n for any ~ensus Officer is permitted only durmg the perIod of enymera­ 1. Census legislation.-As in 195 1, .the tion or even earlier. For, it is only durmg the rincipal statute governing Census OperatIOns period of enumeration that, in the literal ~ontinues to be the Census Act, 1948. The sense, a census, i.e.) a count of persons is taken. only amendID.ent ther~in since the 1951 Census It is of course true that the word "Census" has relates to sectlon 1 whiCh has the effect of ma~­ now a much wider application than that con­ in the Act applicable to Jammu and. KashIlllr. templated in the somewhat unhappily worde.d Ing addition to this Central Act, there IS an~ther definition of the Oxford Dictionary but law 15j law in Madhya Pradesh-the Central Provmces normally interpreted on the basis of dictionary and Berar Local Authoritie? Census E~pen~es definitions. - Contribution Act, 1949-whlCh deals wIth t.le recovery from the local authorities concerned 1. House-listing and the Census Act.-In of some of the expenditure incurred by govern­ 1961, house-listing was undertaken as a systema­ ment on census arrangements. Also, there are tic operation and can be more properly term" ed a Censu·s of houses. A number of tables a few provisions ~b?ut _t~e census in the law relating to MUlllClpalmes, Panchayats and (the E-series) have been constructed out of other rural urban local authorities. house-list" and there can be hardly any doubt J about their immense usefulness. In fact, one of the important contributions of the 1961 Cen· 2. The adequacy of the Census Act cons!­ sus to census proced ure is the systematisatioFl dered.-The major defect of the .Census A:t IS of house-listing procedure which in former that it does not deal expressly WIth operatu;ms censuses had, of necessity*, to be a quick opera· ancillary to the census--hoth before (lIke tion strictly limited to its character as a preli. House-listing), and after, it (like the Post-enu­ minary accessory to the main task of enumera­ meration Check). The notification that has ~o tion. It seents to me essential that a Census be i"sued under section 3 of the Act. relates III Act should, in clear terms, enable this to be terms to the "Cell5us" which, accordmg to the done; I am not at all sure that the present Act Concise Oxford Dictionary, means: "official does so· It is the listing that is a necessary numbering of population wit~ vario~s. :.lt~tis­ Census Operation rather than the numbering, tics"; Ministry of Home AffaIrs NotiftcatIOn which, even if it was not covered by the Cell3us No. 2/115/59-Pub. I, dated the 5th December Act, could still be validly undertaken under 1959, issued in connection with the 1961 Cen­ laws relating to rural and urban local self­ sus is as follow:>: government. I made a reference on this point "In pursuance of the Census Act 1948) (Act to the Registrar General, suggesting that, in XXXVII of 1918), the Central Govern­ view of the extended meaning that the word) ment is pleased to declare that a Census 'Census', has now acquired, we may proceed of the population of India shall be taken on the assumption that the Census Act applies during the year 1961. The reference to house-listing though I did point out that, date for the census will be sunrise on literally, census means only a count of the the 1St March 1961." population.