A Professional Journal of National Defence College Volume 18 Number 2 December 2019 National Defence College Bangladesh EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Patron Lieutenant General Sheikh Mamun Khaled, SUP, rcds, psc, PhD Editor-in-Chief Major General A K M Abdullahil Baquee, rcds, ndu, psc Editor Colonel M A Saadi, afwc, psc Associate Editors Brigadier General Md Shamim Kamal, ndu, afwc, psc, M phil Lieutenant Colonel Muhammad Alamgir Iqbal Khan, psc, Arty Assistant Editors Assistant Professor Nishat Sultana Assistant Director Md Nazrul Islam ISSN: 1683-8475 DISCLAIMER The analysis, opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NDC, Bangladesh Armed Forces or any other agencies of Bangladesh Government. Statement, fact or opinion appearing in NDC Journal are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editors or publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electrical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by the National Defence College, Bangladesh Design & Printed by : ORNATE CARE 87, Mariam Villah (2nd floor), Nayapaltan, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Cell: 01911546613, E mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Page Foreword vi Editorial vii Abstracts ix Integration of Special Education with National Education System: Bangladesh Perspective 1 By-Brigadier General Md Mostagousur Rahman Khan, BSP, SGP, ndc, afwc, psc Role of Human Resource Management for Enhancement of Knowledge Management in Bangladesh Army: A Study 23 By-Brigadier General Md Mizanur Rahman, ndc Use of Modern Cooling Towers with Nanofluids in Industry Sector: An Approach to Protect Riverine Aquatic Life Environment of Bangladesh 43 By-Brigadier General Md Habibur Rahman, ndc Bangladesh as a Global Footwear Sourcing Hub by 2030: Strategic Options 72 By-Brigadier General Mirza Md Enamul Haque, ndc Evolving Rivalry in the Bay of Bengal: Strategy Options for Bangladesh 98 By-Commodore M Zakirul Islam, (E), ndc, psc, BN An Effective Way Towards Localizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)-Translating Two Specific Areas of SDG into Action in Two Unions 121 By-Additional Secretary Dr. Shahnaz Arefin, ndc Nepal-Bangladesh Relationship: Prospects and Challenges for Economic Cooperation 145 By-Brigadier General Homnath Dawadi, ndc Insecurity as an Impediment to Economic Development in Nigeria 166 By-Colonel Umar Musa Aliyu, ndc, psc Achieving Unorthodox Deterrence Ability by Bangladesh Army 186 By-Lieutenant Colonel Abul Hasnat Mohammad Mahmud Azam, afwc, psc, Arty Competency of Bangladesh Army in Changing Scenario of Peacekeeping Operation (PKO): Requirement in Training and Equipment 202 By-Lieutenant Colonel Shahzad Pervez Mohiuddin, afwc, psc, Sigs Towards Capacity Development for a Research and Development Organization in Bangladesh Air Force 217 By-Group Captain Md Asif Iqbal, afwc, psc IV FOREWORD National Defence College has been striving since 1999 with a vision to be the premier national centre of excellence on leadership, defence, security, strategy and development studies - meeting the challenges of the 21st century. Since its inception, the college has been relentlessly presenting time - befitting academic curricula to the potential policy planners, senior leaders and strategic thinkers of the future. The college aims to create a balanced outlook and bring a visualization amongst the Course Members with a strategic and operational level understanding. The chronicles of past 20 years testify the viability of the academic system that has contributed to this leading institution in gaining reputation of excellence at home and abroad. National Defence College being the highest level national institution in Bangladesh, has always been emphasizing on conducting research on contemporary issues of national importance. The common aim of research work is to enable Course Members to make original contribution to a subject of national or international interest, which has influence on national security and development. NDC journal reflects the notable research works carried out by Course Members and Faculty of the college. I am assertive that the Research Papers included in this journal encompassing varied subjects would be considerably useful for the readers. I congratulate all authors who contributed to this journal. I appreciate the sincere efforts of Research and Academic Wing and acknowledge the hard work of editorial board to publish this journal in due time. SHEIKH MAMUN KHALED, SUP, rcds, psc, PhD Lieutenant General Commandant V EDITORIAL NDC Journal is a bi-annual publication of National Defence College. The articles for this journal (Volume 18, Number 2, December 2019) have been selected mostly from individual research papers submitted by Course Members as part of course curricula. The papers included in this journal reflect multi-dimensional issues related to national security and development. The ideas, opinions, and suggestions expressed in these papers have been developed through curricula-based discussions and discourse held during the course. These are purely non-attributive and bears the testimony of the research conducted by the course members. We shall consider ourselves pleased to receive any suggestive criticism from the valued readers. A K M Abdullahil Baquee, rcds, ndu, psc Major General Senior Directing Staff (Army) VI ABSTRACT INTEGRATION OF SPECIAL EDUCATION WITH NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM: BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE Brigadier General Md Mostagousur Rahman Khan, BSP, SGP, ndc, afwc, psc Equivalency in different forms of education is of great importance. In Bangladesh, three main educational courses are existing: General Education, Madrasa Education, and Technical and Vocational Education. Among these systems corresponding or parallel values or grades are also present. However, there is another form of education existing in Bangladesh known as special education for the children with special needs. But this special form of education does not have any corresponding level or values parallel to other forms of existing education system of Bangladesh. The aim of the present research is to frame an equivalent integrated education system combining all four types of available education systems (General Education, Madrasa Education, Technical and Vocational Education and special Education) of Bangladesh. Furthermore, this research has also addressed the common area of education where all children including the special need children will learn, educate and socialize together in the same class room. Hence, the early childhood development program (ECDP) has also been studied in the context of global perspective in order to propose an ECDP model integrating all children. The researcher followed mixed method approach for the study which included questionnaire survey, semi-structured interview and document analysis. Academicians, special educators and therapists were chosen to conduct the study. Related literature has been studied for the comparison with a view to equalizing different forms of education and an appropriate integrated education structure and ECDP model structure for Bangladesh has been proposed. Key Words: Special Education, National Education System, Childhood Development Program ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR ENHANCEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH ARMY: A STUDY Brigadier General Md Mizanur Rahman, ndc Human Resources Management (HRM) and Knowledge Management (KM) are considered two of the most important factors within organizations that help them to achieve a competitive advantage. The efficient and effective HRM can help VII the organization and its managers to create conditions for prudent management of the members and their knowledge in the organization. Currently Bangladesh Army is thriving to transform its manpower from moderate to high knowledge intensive, aiming to immerse itself in higher value added activities to continually sustain the competitiveness with the rivalries. However, there is an urgent need to revitalize its existing HRM practices for the enhancement of the ongoing initiatives of managing the organizational knowledge capital. The objective of the study was to identify the shortcomings in the current HRM in Bangladesh Army in enhancing the KM for better organizational performance. The intention was to provide an insight for the hierarchy on the concept of KM and help in identifying the reforms Bangladesh Army may need in the existing HR system for success in KM. The study examined six factors of HRM that may influence the KM in Bangladesh Army. These factor are: Recruitmentand Selection, Training and Development, Performance Appraisal, Career Management, Rewards and Benefits and Disciplinary Measures. The theoretical framework was drawn out and questionnaire was designed based on the factors chosen. The data collected were later analyzed and inferences were drawn there from. The research evidently found that certain reforms in the current HRM in Bangladesh Army are very essential to enhance the overall KM of the officers. The most important one is to conceive KM as a mainstream concept and developing conducive strategy that will enhance the overall KM process. Few other significant reforms the research recommends based on the findings which of all validate the hypothesis. The paper has great practical implications, because the policy makers of Bangladesh