STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE DISTRIBUTION OF THIS POCUHEN7 IS U.«U/uED " FOREIGN SALES PRG.-iioiiED Bioenergy Options Multidisciplinary Participatory Method for Assessing Bioenergy Options for Rural Villages in Tanzania Kauzeni, A.S., Masao, H.P., Sawe, E.N., Shechambo, F.C. Institute of Resource Assessment, University of-JDar Es'Salaam Ellegard; A. Stockholm Environment Institute Energy, Environment and Development Series - No. 44 Published by Stockholm Environment Institute ISBN: 91 88714 594 1998 ISSN: 1400-4348 DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. Bioenergy Options Multidisciplinary Participatory Method for Assessing Bioenergy Options for Rural Villages in Tanzania Kauzeni, A.S., Masao, H.P., Sawe, E.N., Shechambo, F.C. Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar Es Salaam Ellegard, A. Stockholm Environment Institute Stockholm Environment Institute Box 2142 S-103 14 Stockholm Sweden Tel: +46 8 412 14 00 Fax: +46 8 723 03 48 E-mail: [email protected] WWW: http://www.sei.se/ Responsible Editor: Karin Hultcrantz Copy and Layout: Karin Hultcrantz Stockholm Environment Institute © Copyright 1998 Stockholm Environment Institute. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means without written permission from the publisher. ISBN: 91 88714 59 4 ISSN: 1400-4348 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................vi 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1 l. l Project Background .....................................................................................................l 1.2 Bioenergy Status in Tanzania ...........................................................................................1 1.3 Bioenergy Options .....................................................................................................4 1.4 Problem Statement .......................................................................................................5 1.5 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE STUDY..................................................................................... 7 1.6 Objectives and Focus of the Study ........................................................................8 1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study .......................................................................9 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.....................................................................11 2.1 R eview of Methods ................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Developing a Methodology ..................................................................................13 2.2.1 Methodology Justification and Rationale........................................................ 13 2.2.2 Applicability of MUPARMIBO..........................................................................14 2.3 Description of the applied methodology ......................................................... 15 2.3.1 Preparation for Field Work and Logistics.......................................................... 16 2.3.2 PRA Activities in the Study Villages.................................................................17 2.4 Application of Different Techniques to Gather Data and Information on the Study V illages .................................................................... 17 2.4.1 Preparation of Village Map.................................................................................. 17 2.4.2 Presentation of Village History and Significant Events.................................. 18 2.4.3 Identification of Significant Changes and Trends............................................18 2.4.4 Preparation of Annual Seasonal Work Calendar............................................. 19 2.4.5 Preparation of a Diagram of Daily Activities.................................................. 20 2.4.6 Conducting Technical Interviews with Village Leaders................................ 21 2.4.7 Meeting with Leaders of Various Groups, Enterprises and Institutions.....21 2.4.8 Transect Walk Across the Village.....................................................................21 2.4.9 Household Interviews and Farm Sketches........................................................21 2.4.10 Organisation of Emerging Issues.......................................................................23 2.4.11 PRA Workshop......................................................................................................23 2.4.12 Ranking by Voting............................................................................................... 24 2.4.13 Paired Ranking Method........................................................................................24 2.5 Procedure for Analysis After Fieldwork .......................................................25 3 THE STUDY AREA........................................................................................26 3. l Kilimanjaro R egion ....................................................................................................26 3.2 The Study V illages ....................................................................................................27 3.3 R ombo District .............................................................................................................28 3.3.1 Kelamfua Village................................................................................................. 28 3.3.2 Maharo Village......................................................................................................29 3.3.3 Shimbi Mashariki Village................................................................................... 31 3.4 Mwanga District ..........................................................................................................34 3.4.1 Chomvu Village..................................................................................................... 34 3.4.2 Kagongo Village...................................................................................................36 3.4.3 Kigonigoni Village............................................................................................... 38 4 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY........................................................... 40 4.1 Methodology Testing ................................................................................................40 4.1.1 Energy Issues.........................................................................................................42 4.1.2 Social Issues............................................................................................................44 4.1.3 Economic Issues..................................................................................................... 46 4.1.4 Endowment of Natural Resources....................................................................... 46 4.1.5 Institutional Issues................................................................................................ 47 4.1.6 Policy Issues.......................................................................................................... 47 IV Bioenergyoptions 4.2 Summary of Bioenergy Options ............................................................................47 4.2.1 Improved Stoves......................................................................................................47 4.2.2 Improved Charcoal Production Techniques..................................................... 48 4.2.3 Biogas......................................................................................................................48 4.2.4 Producer Gas..........................................................................................................48 4.2.5 Liquid Fuels from Biomass................................................................................. 48 4.2.6 Bioenergy Produced Electric Power..................................................................49 4.3 Income -Earning activities Linked To Bioenergy U se................................. 49 4.3.1 Increasing Agricultural Production Through Water Pumping...................... 49 4.3.2 Milling, Chaffing and Cutting.............................................................................50 4.3.3 Tea and Tobacco Curing......................................................................................50 4.3.4 Charcoal Production............................................................................................. 50 4.3.5 Tar Production....................................................................................................... 50 4.3.6 Beer Brewing, Liquor Distilling........................................................................ 50 4.3.7 Brick Making..........................................................................................................51 4.3.8 Pottery.....................................................................................................................51 4.3.9 Lime Burning.........................................................................................................51 4.3.10 Fish Frying and Smoking.....................................................................................51 4.3.11 Briquetting.............................................................................................................