Rupali. S. Dhikale, J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2020; 11 (4): 8404 - 8424 An Elsevier Indexed Journal ISSN-2230-7346 Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences MEDICINAL PLANTS USED AS WHOLE AGAINST ARTHRITIS Rupali. S. Dhikale1*, Dr. Anil G. Jadhav2, Dr.Vishal Gulecha1, Dr.Amar Zalte1 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sandip University, Mahirawani, Trimbak Road, Nashik, Maharashtra-412213, India. 2 Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sandip Foundation, Mahirawani, Trimbak Road, Nashik, Maharashtra-412213, India. *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Key Words Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that arises more frequently in females than males, being predominantly observed in the Rheumatoid arthritis, elderly. The greatest disadvantage of allopathic drugs lies in their toxicity and Herbal medicines, Whole reappearance of symptoms after discontinuation and hence the use of medicinal plant plants becoming popular for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Now a day’s world’s Access this article online population progress towards herbal remedies for healing of ailments like arthritis. Website: Various parts of plants such as leaves, roots, fruits, rhizomes and seeds are used in https://www.jgtps.com/ distinguished dosage forms like extract, decoction, juice, infusion, paste and oil etc. for Quick Response Code: the treatment of RA. There are various important medicinal plants and herbs which benefit in any form of conditions associated with arthritis with special emphasis on rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The present work is collection of information regarding those plants mentioned in the traditional Indian system of medicine which are having potential in treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis when they are used as whole. INTRODUCTION Nature has blessed us with enormous form for medicinal use. For example, salicylic wealth of herbal plants which are widely acid, the precursor of aspirin, was isolated in distributed all over the world as a source of 1874 from willow bark. There are numerous therapeutic agents for the prevention and cure of other examples. There are many synthetic drugs various diseases. [1] Natural products from plants that are being used as standard treatment for have played a remarkable role to cure and avert many diseases including rheumatoid arthritis but different diseases from ancient times. [2-4] they have adverse effect that can compromise the According to WHO, world’s 80% population uses therapeutic treatment. So these adverse effects herbal medicines for their primary health care increase the chances for the use of herbal plants needs. Herbal medicines will act as parcels of for the treatment of disease and disorder. [6] The human society to combat disease from the dawn word arthritis means inflammation of the joint of civilization. [5] Before the discovery of (“artho” meaning joint and “itis” meaning synthetic drugs man was completely depends on inflammation). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a the medicinal plants for the treatment of disease. ravaging inflammatory and autoimmune illness The medicinal value of plants has been that affects the joints, although its cause is still recognized by every person of this society. In the unknown. With RA, inflammation manifests in nineteenth or earlier centuries natural product the lining of the joints causing pain, swelling, extracts, particularly those derived from botanical joint damage and deformity. It can occasionally species, provided the main source of folk involve other internal organs, such as the nerves, medicines. However, in the latter part of the eyes, lungs or heart. [7] Rheumatoid arthritis nineteenth century, biologically-active organic (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease molecules began to be isolated in relatively pure that arises more frequently in females than males, 8404 © Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences Rupali. S. Dhikale, J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2020; 11 (4): 8404 - 8424 being predominantly observed in the elderly. The serving as a boon for all living ones all over the prevalence rate reported in 2002 ranged from universe. For the treatment of RA, various parts 0.5% to 1% of the population and had regional of plants are used such as leaves, roots, fruits, variation. RA primarily affects the lining of the rhizomes, and seeds in distinguished dosage synovial joints and can cause progressive forms like extract, decoction, juice, infusion, disability, premature death, and socioeconomic paste, oil etc. Many of the plants are claimed for burdens. The clinical manifestations of their antiarthritic potential with respect to not symmetrical joint involvement include arthralgia, only its specific part like leaf, seed etc. but whole swelling, redness and even limiting the range of plant. The present work is collection of motion. [8] Presently for the treatment of RA, information regarding those plants mentioned in strategies have changed from traditionally used the traditional systems of medicine which are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) having potential in treatment of Rheumatoid or disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs Arthritis when they are used as whole. These (DMARDs) to novel biological agents, like TNF plants are being used in the form of single herbs monoclonal antibody and finally and combination drugs and poly herbal immunosuppressive or cytotoxic agents. [9-11] formulations. Various parts of the plants that are The above mentioned therapeutic agents reduce claimed to have antiarthritic activity were the inflammation and joint destruction but their referred and only those which are used as whole long-term risks are still unknown. However, plant and whose anti arthritic potential is long-term risks of drugs include gastrointestinal validated were studied in detailed. ulcers, cardiovascular complications, hematologic toxicity, nephrotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, 1. Achillea millefolium Linn. myelosuppression, hepatic fibrosis, stomatitis, Family: Compositae cirrhosis, diarrhea, immune reactions, and local Geographical Source: In India it is commonly injection-site reactions. Moreover, higher costs distributed in Himalayas from Kashmir to and side effects which include high risks of Kumaun at altitude of 1,050-3,600m. Also seen infections and melagnancies require continuous growing in Bombay and Belgaum areas [15] monitoring. [12] Because there is currently no Chemical Constituents: Various known cure or means of preventing RA, the phytoconstituents reported are American College of Rheumatology recommends Volatile oil: Azulene, chamazulene, the earliest possible diagnosis and treatment with prochamazulene, α-pinene, β-pinene, eucalyptol, disease modifying anti-rheumatic agents to limit α-thujone, terpinene, limonene, borneol, the degree of irreversible joint damage. Despite terpineol, bornyl acetate, caryophyllene, early detection, current treatment medications are tricyclene, camphene,sabinene,1-8- limited in their efficacy and are frequently toxic. cineole,camphor. [13] These undesirable side effects frequently Other constituents: flavonoids, lignans, force the patients to look for complementary and amino acid derivatives, fatty acids, alkamides, alternative medicine (CAM). A recent survey sesquisterpene lactones, caffeic acid, indicates that people suffering from chronic pain polyacetylenes, tannins, sterols. in RA and those dissatisfied with allopathic Uses: It has been internally used as herbal treatment are more prone to seek alternative teas for headaches, hepato-biliary disorders, medicine, where 60–90% of arthritic patients use gastrointestinal complaints, menstrual CAM. Therefore, it is highly desirable to find out irregularities and as appetizer and externally a potential alternative to eradicate the drawbacks as lotion or ointment against skin of present allopathic treatment. Herbal remedies inflammation, wounds and abrasions. can form an alternative source to relieve Details of Anti-arthritic activity- Ethanol symptoms in patients having RA as well as to extract of the plant showed promising anti address the drawbacks associated with present arthritic activity at a dose of 300mg/kg when treatment methods with allopathic drugs. [14] A administered to complete freund’s ajuvant (CFA) number of medicinal plants have been claimed induced arthritic rats. The positive response for for their anti arthritic potential in traditional the activity may be due to the presence of total systems of medicines. Some of these plants are phenolic, total flavanoid and tannin content. validated for their anti arthritic potential using Yarrow aerial parts ethanol extract possess anti- different animal model and some of the plants are arthritic effect through inhibition of paw yet to be validated. Every part of the plant is inflammation and reduction of oxidative stress 8405 © Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences Rupali. S. Dhikale, J. Global Trends Pharm Sci, 2020; 11 (4): 8404 - 8424 and inflammatory markers (reduced TNF-α “Bugleweed or Ground pine” which distributed plasma levels). [16] mainly in the temperate regions Europe, Asia, Australia, North America and Africa. [19] 2. Ajuga bracteosa- Chemical Constituents: The chemical Family: Labiatae composition of A. decumbens includes Geographical Source: The plants of genus diterpenes like Ajugacumbins A, Ajugacumbins Ajuga are native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, B, Ajugacumbins C, Ajugacumbins D, also grow in Australia, India and North Ajugamarins