EXECUTIVE EDITORS AND FOUNDERS DESIGN | LAYOUT | TYPESETTING Katerina Kolozova, Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Skopje Risto Aleksovski Žarko Trajanoski, Independent Researcher EDITOR OF THE ISSUE EDITORIAL OFFICE Katerina Kolozova, Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Skopje Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Skopje Address: Street “20 Oktomvri” No. 8, second floor CO-EDITOR OF THE ISSUE 1000 Skopje, Macedonia Zachary De Jong, Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje Phone/Fax: +389-2-3113059 Email: [email protected] EDITORIAL MANAGER Website: www.identitiesjournal.edu.mk | www.isshs.edu.mk/journals Stanimir Panayotov, Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje PUBLISHER EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Skopje Zachary De Jong, Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje Street “20 Oktomvri” nr. 8, second floor 1000 Skopje, Macedonia ADVISORY BOARD Senka Anastasova, Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Skopje Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture Rosi Braidotti, Utrecht University ISSN 1409-9268 (print) Judith Butler, University of California, Berkeley ISSN 1857-8616 (online) Joan Copjec, Brown University is an open-access, double-blind peer-reviewed international journal that Creston Davis, Global Center for Advanced Studies seeks to serve as a platform for the theoretical production of Southeastern Akis Gavriilidis, University of Macedonia in Thessaloniki Europe and enable its visibility and an opening for international debate Marina Gržinić, Slovenian Academy of Science and Art with authors from both the “intellectual centers” and the “intellectual Jack Halberstam, University of Southern California margins” of the world. It is particularly interested in promoting theoretical Dona Kolar-Panov, International Balkan University investigations which see issues of politics, gender and culture as inextrica- François Laruelle, Paris Nanterre University bly interrelated. It is open to all theoretical strands, to all schools and non- Miglena Nikolchina, Sofia University schools of thought without prioritizing cannons and their major figures of Artan Sadiku, Independent Researcher authority. It does not seek doctrinal consistency, but it seeks consistency Svetlana Slapšak, Institute for Balkan and Mediterranean Studies and in rigor of investigation which can combine frameworks of interpretation Cultures derived from various and sometimes opposed schools of thought. Our passion is one for topics rather than philosophical masters. COPY EDITORS AND PROOFREADERS Iskra Gerazova – Mujcin Identities is indexed and abstracted in: Kalina Lechevska CEEOL DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) TRANSCRIPT ERIH PLUS Iskra Gerazova – Mujcin EBSCO Discovery Service Тhis issue of Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Feminist Periodicals: A Current Listing of Contents Culture is supported by Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung Southeast Europe COVER | LOGO Radical Open Access. koma.mk CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture Vol. 17, No. 2-3 / 2020 II. ARTICLES TABLE OF CONTENTS Ben Woodard User Errors: Reason, (Xeno) - Feminism and the Political I. PROCEEDINGS FROM THE SCHOOL FOR POLITICS AND Insufficiency of Ontology [54] CRITIQUE 2020: XENOFEMINISM AND OTHER FORMS OF REALIST AND MATERIALIST FEMINISM: A VANTAGE POINT OF A RADICALLY NOVEL POLITICS Andrija Koštal Andrea Long Chu and the Trouble with Desire [70] Vincent Le The Deepfakes to Come: A Turing Cop’s Nightmare [08] Amalia Louisson Protecting Biodiversity via Alenka Zupančič Metaphysical Angels of the Future [76] Sex in the Cut [20] Ivana Mancic Nina Power Outside of Memories We Belong, Revisiting Second Wave Feminism in the Light of Recent Women of Yugoslavia [82] Controversies [28] Gala Naseva Nina Power et al. The Chasm of Structural Discrimination: Q&A Session Following the Lecture: Materialist Feminism Women on the Frontline against COVID-19 [90] and Radical Feminism: Revisiting the Second Wave in the Light of Recent Controversies [36] Branislava Petrov The Immanence and the Transcendence of the Emerging Katerina Kolozova Subject in Marx’s Philosophy of History [94] Marxism without Philosophy and Its Feminist Implications: The Problem of Subjectivity Centered Socialist Projects [40] III. INTERVIEW Katerina Kolozova et al. Q&A Session Following the Lecture: Marxism without Neda Genova in Conversation with Mijke van der Drift Philosophy and Its Feminist Implications: The Problem of A Conversation on Transfeminism Subjectivity Centered Socialist Projects [48] as Anti-Colonial Politics [102] I. PROCEEDINGS FROM THE SCHOOL FOR POLITICS AND CRITIQUE 2020: XENOFEMINISM AND OTHER FORMS OF REALIST AND MATERIALIST FEMINISM: A VANTAGE POINT OF A RADICALLY NOVEL POLITICS Vincent Le | The Deepfakes to Come: A Turing Cop’s Nightmare Vincent Le Keywords: Alan Turing, Turing test, artificial intelligence, AI, Ex The Deepfakes to Come: A Turing Cop’s Nightmare Machina, deepfakes, artificial neural networks, sex robots, Sadie Plant, cyberfeminism, blockchain. Bionote: Vincent Le is a PhD candidate in philosophy at Monash University. He has taught philosophy at Deakin University and The “This is a dangerous time. Moving forward we need to Melbourne School of Continental Philosophy. He has published in be more vigilant about what we trust on the internet… It Hypatia, Cosmos and History, Art + Australia, Šum, Horror Studies may sound basic but how we move forward in the age of and Colloquy, among other journals. His recent work focuses on information is gonna be the difference between whether the reckless propagation of the will to critique. we survive or whether we become some kind of fucked up dystopia. Thank you, and stay woke bitches.” – Barack Monash University Obama [email protected] In his famous 1950 paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” Abstract: In 1950, Turing proposed to answer the question “can Alan Turing proposes to answer the question “can machines think?” machines think” by staging an “imitation game” where a hidden by staging an “imitation game” in which an interrogator must guess computer attempts to mislead a human interrogator into believ- ing it is human. While the cybercrime of bots defrauding people by the gender of a man and a woman hidden from view by questioning posing as Nigerian princes and lascivious e-girls indicates humans them however the interrogator likes through a type-written cor- have been losing the Turing test for some time, this paper focuses respondence, with the aim of the woman being able to respond in on “deepfakes,” artificial neural nets generating realistic audio-vi- whatever way she sees fit to mislead the interrogator into believ- 1 sual simulations of public figures, as a variation on the imitation ing she is a man. Turing then proposes to have a computer play the game. Deepfakes blur the lines between fact and fiction, making it part of the woman, with the interrogator now trying to determine possible for the mere fiction of a nuclear apocalypse to make itself whether their interlocutor is a human or a machine. If the computer real. Seeing oneself becoming another, doing and saying strange can fool the interrogator more than 30% of the time into making a things as if demonically possessed, triggers a disillusionment of wrong guess, it passes what has come to be known as the Turing our sense of self as human cloning and sinister doppelgängers be- test. What Turing essentially does, is substitute the question, “can come a reality that’s open-source and free. Along with electronic machines think?”, with the question, “are there imaginable comput- club music, illicit drugs, movies like Ex Machina and the coming sex ers which could do well in the imitation game,” by deceiving their robots, the primarily pornographic deepfakes are how the aliens interrogators into thinking they are human?2 invade by hijacking human drives in the pursuit of a machinic de- sire. Contrary to the popular impression that deepfakes exemplify Despite the common prejudices, objections and gut reactions that the post-truth phenomenon of fake news, they mark an anarchic, thinking is a function of our God-given soul, that a thinking machine massively distributed anti-fascist resistance network capable of is much too dreadful to even contemplate, that there are limits to sabotaging centralized, authoritarian institutions’ hegemonic nar- computing power (as if there are not also limits to human reason), ratives. That the only realistic “solutions” for detecting deepfakes that a machine will never do an ever receding list of x, y and z (like 8 have been to build better machines capable of exposing them ul- feel emotion or fall in love), that it can never truly surprise us and timately suggests that human judgment is soon to be discarded create something new (the Lovelace test), that it isn’t structured as into the dustbin of history. From now on, only a machine can win 1 Alan Turing, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” in The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in the Turing test against another machine. Computer, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life: Plus the Secrets of Enigma, ed. B. Jack Copeland (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 441. 2 Turing, “Computing Machinery,” 448. Identities Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture / Vol.17, No.1-2 / 2020 per the human nervous system (as if there are no other intelligent tal picture of