A27 Arundel Bypass Environmental Assessment Report Chapter 7 – Landscape and Visual 30 August 2019 Environmental Assessment Report Chapter 7 – Landscape and Visual A27 Arundel Bypass – PCF Stage 2 Further Consultation Table of Contents 7 Landscape and Visual 7-1 7.1 Introduction 7-1 7.2 Legislative and policy framework 7-2 7.3 Assessment methodology 7-9 7.4 Assessment assumptions and limitations 7-19 7.5 Study Area 7-23 7.6 Baseline conditions 7-25 7.7 Potential impacts 7-64 7.8 Design, mitigation and enhancement measures 7-67 7.9 Assessment of likely significant effects 7-70 LIST OF TABLES Table 7-1 - Legislation, regulatory and policy framework applicable to the landscape and visual assessment 7-2 Table 7-2 - Landscape sensitivity and typical examples 7-11 Table 7-3 - Visual sensitivity and typical descriptors 7-12 Table 7-4 - Magnitude of impact and typical descriptors for landscape receptors 7-13 Table 7-5 - Magnitude of impact and typical descriptors for visual receptors 7-14 Table 7-6 - Arriving at the significance of effect categories for landscape and visual receptors 7-15 Table 7-7 - Significance of effect 7-16 Table 7-8 - Assessment assumptions and limitations for landscape and visual assessment 7- 19 Table 7-9 - Visual Receptors and their representative viewpoints 7-48 Table 7-10 - Sensitivity of identified receptors for landscape and visual assessment 7-61 Table 7-11 - Construction phase potential impacts for landscape and visual receptors 7-65 Table 7-12 - Operational phase potential impacts for landscape and visual receptors 7-67 Table 7-13 - Likely landscape effects: construction phase 7-80 Table 7-14 - Likely landscape effects: operational phase, Year 1 and Year 15 7-82 Table 7-15 - Construction phase likely effects on viewpoint receptors from Option 1V5 7-85 Table 7-16 - Operational phase likely effects on viewpoint viewpoints from Option 1V5 7-89 Table 7-17 - Construction phase likely effects on viewpoint receptors from Option 1V9 7-92 Table 7-18 - Operational phase likely effects on viewpoint receptors from Option 1V9 7-96 Table 7-19 - Construction phase likely effects on viewpoint receptors from Option 3V1 7-99 Table 7-20 - Operational phase likely effects on viewpoint receptors from Option 3V1 7-104 August 2019 Environmental Assessment Report Chapter 7 – Landscape and Visual A27 Arundel Bypass – PCF Stage 2 Further Consultation Table 7-21 - Construction phase likely effects on viewpoint receptors from Option 4/5AV1 7- 107 Table 7-22 - Operational phase likely effects on viewpoint receptors from Option 4/5AV1 7- 113 Table 7-23 - Construction phase likely effects on viewpoint receptors from Option 4/5AV2 117 Table 7-24 - Operational phase likely effects on viewpoint receptors as a result of Option 4/5AV2 7-121 Table 7-25 - Construction phase likely effects for viewpoint receptors from Option 5BV1 7- 125 Table 7-26 - Operational phase likely effects on viewpoint receptors as a result of Option 5BV1 7-130 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 7-1 – Landscape Context Figure 7-2 – Landscape Character Areas Figure 7-3 – ZVI – Option 1V5 Figure 7-4 – ZVI – Option 1V9 Figure 7-5 – ZVI – Option 3V1 Figure 7-6 – ZVI – Option 4/5AV1 Figure 7-7 – ZVI – Option 4/5AV2 Figure 7-8 – ZVI – Option 5BV1 Figure 7-9 – Representative Viewpoints Location Plan 1 of 2 Figure 7-10 – Representative Viewpoints Location Plan 2 of 2 Figures 7-11 to 7-69 – Representative Viewpoint Photographs LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 7-1 – Landscape effects schedule Appendix 7-2 – Visual effects schedule Appendix 7-3 – Arboriculture Report August 2019 Environmental Assessment Report Chapter 7 – Landscape and Visual A27 Arundel Bypass – PCF Stage 2 Further Consultation Acronyms ACRONYMS DEFINITION GLVIA Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment NCA National Character Area LCA Landscape Character Area ZVI Zone of Visual Influence AOD Above Ordnance Datum August 2019 Environmental Assessment Report Chapter 7 – Landscape and Visual A27 Arundel Bypass – PCF Stage 2 Further Consultation Glossary TERM DEFINITION Guidelines for Landscape Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment and Visual Impact (LVIA) is a tool used to identify and assess Assessment (GLVIA) the significance of and the effects of change resulting from development on both the landscape as an environmental resource in its own right and on people’s views and visual amenity. National Character Area Broad landscape areas exhibiting unique (NCA) combinations of landscape, biodiversity, geodiversity, history, cultural and economic activity. England is divided into 159 NCAs, as defined by Natural England Landscape Character Areas of distinct landscape character, Area (LCA) usually at the local scale. Zone of Visual Influence The extent of the area over which the (ZVI) Scheme may theoretically be visible. Light imaging, Detection Digital surface modelling software to help and Ranging (LiDAR) inform the extent of the ZVI. Area of Outstanding An area of countryside in England, Wales or Natural Beauty (AONB) Northern Ireland which has been designated for conservation due to its significant landscape value. Areas are designated in recognition of their national importance European Landscape The ELC promotes the protection, Convention (ELC) management and planning of European landscapes; raises awareness of the value of a living landscape; and organises European co-operation on landscape issues. It is the first international treaty to be exclusively concerned with all dimensions of European landscape International Union for Provides definitions and guidelines for Conservation of Nature categories of protected landscapes, (IUCN) including National Parks. South Downs National Park covering an area of 1,627 square Park (SDNP) kilometres (628 sq mi) in southern England. It stretches for 140 kilometres (87 mi) from Winchester in the west to Eastbourne in the east, through the counties of Hampshire, August 2019 Environmental Assessment Report Chapter 7 – Landscape and Visual A27 Arundel Bypass – PCF Stage 2 Further Consultation TERM DEFINITION West Sussex and East Sussex. The national park covers the chalk hills of the South Downs and a substantial part of a separate physiographic region, the western Weald, with its heavily wooded sandstone and clay hills and vales. The South Downs Way spans the entire length of the park and is the only National Trail that lies wholly within a national park.. South Downs National The South Downs National Park Authority is Park Authority (SDNPA) the statutory planning authority for the National Park area. International Dark Sky The IDA works to protect the night skies for Association (IDA) present and future generations International Dark Sky An IDA International Dark Sky Reserve is a reserve public or private land possessing an exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights and nocturnal environment that is specifically protected for its scientific, natural, educational, cultural, heritage and/or public enjoyment. Reserves consist of a core area meeting minimum criteria for sky quality and natural darkness, and a peripheral area that supports dark sky preservation in the core. The SDNP received Bronze level status in 2016. Dark skies are a recognised Special Quality of the SDNP. Ordnance Datum (OD) Vertical datum used by an ordnance survey as the basis for deriving altitudes on maps. A spot height may be expressed as AOD for ‘Above Ordnance Datum’ to identify altitude above the OD. August 2019 Environmental Assessment Report Chapter 7 – Landscape and Visual A27 Arundel Bypass – PCF Stage 2 Further Consultation 7 Landscape and Visual 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1.1 This chapter provides the baseline and assessment of the potential impacts associated with landscape and visual impacts arising from the Scheme. This chapter has been completed in accordance with IAN 135/10 (this supersedes DMRB Volume 11, Section 3, Part 51). The potential impacts typical of this type of project and which are considered in this chapter are: ▪ Construction phase: - Temporary and permanent impacts of the construction of the Scheme on the landscape and visual resource, such as the removal of existing vegetation and earthworks - Impacts of the construction process itself, such as additional traffic movement, temporary lighting, signage and the presence of temporary work compounds. ▪ Operational phase: - Permanent change to the landscape and visual resource resulting from the presence of the Scheme - Impacts of mitigation and enhancement measures in offsetting adverse impacts of the Scheme - Perceptual impacts of moving traffic caused by high sided vehicles, light coloured vehicles, glinting effects of sunlight on vehicles as well as the impact of additional junction lighting at Crossbush and the Ford Road roundabout. 7.1.1.2 This chapter should be read in conjunction with: ▪ Chapter 6: Cultural Heritage ▪ Chapter 8: Biodiversity ▪ Chapter 11: Noise and Vibration. 1 Highways Agency, Design Manual for Roads and Bridges HA208/07, Volume 11, Section 3, Part 5 (August 2007) Page 7-1 August 2019 Environmental Assessment Report Chapter 7 – Landscape and Visual A27 Arundel Bypass – PCF Stage 2 Further Consultation 7.2 Legislative and policy framework 7.2.1.1 The broad legislative and policy framework relevant to environmental assessment of the Scheme is set out in Chapter 1: Introduction of this EAR. Table 7-1 summarises the legislation, regulatory and policy framework applicable to the landscape and visual assessment. Table 7-1 - Legislation, regulatory and policy framework applicable to the landscape and visual assessment Name Summary Directives/Legislation The European The European Landscape Convention (ELC) was Landscape ratified in the UK on 21 November 2006 and Convention (ELC) became binding on 1 March 2007. It provides a 2007 basis for closer co-operation on landscape issues across Europe. The Convention highlights the need to recognise landscape in law and encourages the integration of landscape into all relevant areas of policy, including cultural, economic and social policies. The ELC applies to natural, rural, urban and peri-urban areas including land, inland water and marine areas.