Endoscopy Official Organ of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and affiliated societies Editor-In-Chief Advisory Board Former Editors Peter D. Siersema, The Netherlands Meinhard Classen, Germany Meinhard Classen, Germany Joseph E. Geenen, USA Ludwig Demling †, Germany Glen Lehman, USA Thomas Rösch, Germany Nib Soehendra, Germany Co-Editors-in-Chief Hiroaki Suzuki, Japan Michael Bretthauer, Norway Guido N. J. Tytgat, The Netherlands Mário Dinis-Ribeiro, Portugal Associate Editor Thierry Ponchon, France Co-Editors Editorial Board Raf Bisschops, Belgium Lars Aabakken, Norway Helmut Messmann, Germany Michael J. Bourke, Australia Nadir Arber, Israel Sri Misra, India Wai Yan Philip Chiu, Hong Kong Miguel Areia, Portugal Alan Moss, Australia Mouen A. Khashab, USA Marianna Arvanitakis, Belgium Bertrand Napoleon, France René Laugier, France Amol Bapaye, India Horst Neuhaus, Germany Klaus Mönkemüller, USA Todd Baron, USA Helmut Neumann, Germany Maria Pellise, Spain Marc Barthet, France Ichiro Oda, Japan Heiko Pohl, USA Peter Bauerfeind, Switzerland Ioannis Papanikolaou, Greece Marcin Polkowski, Poland Jacques Bergman, Netherlands Adolfo Parra-Blanco, Chile William R. Brugge, USA Oliver Pech, Germany Anthoni Castells, Spain Manuel Perez-Miranda, Spain Managing Editor Mihai Ciocirlan, Romania Krish Ragunath, UK Hilary Hamilton-Gibbs, Germany Emmanuel Coron, France Miguel Angel Ramirez Luna, Mexico Guido Costamagna, Italy Colin Rees, UK Pierre Deprez, Belgium Jaroslaw Regula, Poland Jacques Devière, Belgium Carla Rolanda, Portugal Chief Copy Editor Jean Marc Dumonceau, Argentina Luis Sabbagh, Colombia Teresa Brady, UK James East, UK Paulo Sakai, Brazil Pietro Fusaroli, Italy Dong-Wan Seo, Korea Marc Giovannini, France Rajvinder Singh, Australia Cesare Hassan, Italy Ilaria Tarantino, Italy Editorial Assistants David Hewett, UK Pier Alberto Testoni, Italy Françoise Heidenreich, Germany Øyvind Holme, Norway Ervin Toth, Sweden Elisabeth Honner, Germany Hiroyuki Isayama, Japan Geoffroy Vanbiervliet, France Charles Kahi, USA Michael Vieth, Germany Michal Kaminski, Poland Peter Vilmann, Denmark Statistical Advisors Arjun Koch, Netherlands Daniel von Renteln, Canada Todd A. Mackenzie, USA Alberto Larghi, Italy Kurt Ulm, Germany James Lau, HK, China Stefan Wagenpfeil, Germany Amit Maydeo, India Alexander Meining, Germany Masthead Endoscopy Endoscopy, 0013-726X, is published in 12 issues per Important note Volume 47 year. Subscribers are asked to inform the publisher Ownership & Copyright immediately of changes of address to ensure correct Medicine is an ever-changing science undergo- © Georg Thieme Verlag KG 2015 delivery of the journal. ing continual development. Research and clinical experience are continually expanding our knowl- All subscription orders are entered for the calendar Editor-in-Chief edge, in particular our knowledge of appropriate Professor Peter D. Siersema year. The rate of subscription is invoiced in advance treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this jour- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at the end of the year for the following year and be- nal mentions any dosage or application, readers (room 1.24) comes due for payment for the full calendar year. may rest assured that the authors, editors and Radboud University Medical Center Subscriptions can be started anytime. Subscriptions publishers have made reasonable effort to en- sure that such references are in accordance with P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen are automatically extended each year unless notice the state of knowledge at the time of production The Netherlands of cancellation is received from the subscriber prior to September 30 of each year (applies to Germany, of the journal. Nevertheless this does not involve, imply, or ex- Publishers Switzerland, Austria only). Georg Thieme Verlag KG press any guarantee or responsibility on the Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart or Subscriptions for Europe and countries outside part of the publishers in respect of any dosage instructions and forms of application stated in P.O. Box 301120, 70451 Stuttgart the American continent Order from Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Rüdigerstr. 14, the journal. Every user is requested to examine phone + 49-711-8931-0 ʼ 70469 Stuttgart, Germany; P.O. Box 301120, 70451 carefully the manufacturers leaflets accompany- fax + 49-711-8931-298 ing each drug and to check, if necessary in con- Stuttgart, Germany; phone + 49-711-8931-421; fax www.thieme.com sultation with a physician or specialist, whether www.thieme.de/fz/endoscopy + 49-711-8931-410; e-mail: customerservice@ the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the http://www.thieme-connect.com/products/endoscopy thieme.de contraindications stated by the manufacturers Subscription rates for 2014 are listed below. Copyright differ from the statements made in the present journal. Such examination is particularly impor- This journal, including all individual contributions and Subscriptions for the American Continent tant with drugs that are either rarely used or Order from Thieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue, illustrations published therein, is legally protected by have been newly released on the market. Every – copyright for the duration of the copyright period. New York, NY 10001, USA. Order toll free + 1 800- dosage schedule or every form of application Any use, exploitation or commercialization outside 782-3488 (US only) or + 1-212-760-0888, used is entirely at the userʼs own risk and respon- the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without fax + 1-212-947-0108; sibility. The authors and publishers request every the publisherʼs consent, is illegal and liable to criminal e-mail: [email protected] user to report to the publishers any discrepan- prosecution. This applies in particular to photocopy subscription rates for 2014 are listed below. cies or inaccuracies noticed. reproduction, copyright, cyclostyling, mimeograph- Airfreight and mailing in the USA by Sheridan Press, ing or duplication of any kind, translating, prepara- 450 Fama Avenue, Hanover, PA 17331. Periodicals tion of microfilms, and electronic data processing postage paid at New York, NY and additional mailing For details regarding manuscript submission please and storage. offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Endo- refer to “Instructions for Authors”. In principle only scopy, Thieme Medical Publishers Inc., 333 Seventh Advertising papers will be accepted which have not been pub- Avenue, New York, NY 10001. Thieme.media lished previously, domestically or abroad. Further- For information on personal rate subscriptions or Pharmedia Anzeigen- und Verlagsservice GmbH more, manuscripts may not be offered to other pub- special society agreements, please contact Fiona Christine Volpp lications at the same time as they are under consid- Henderson, Thieme International, phone + 49-711- Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart and eration for this journal. 8931-458, fax + 49-711-8931-410, P.O. Box 300880, 70448 Stuttgart With the acceptance of the manuscript for publica- e-mail: [email protected] phone + 49-711-8931-603 tion the authors transfer the exclusive, spatially and fax + 49-711-8931-569 For users in the USA temporally unrestricted right to the publishing e-mail: [email protected] Authorization of photocopy items for internal or per- house for all editions/updates for the duration of Since 1st of October 2015 rate card no. 43 applies. sonal use, or the internal or personal use of specific the legal period of protection (§64 UrHG) for also ex- Printer clients, is granted by Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart cerpt-wise utilization in printed form as well as into Grafisches Centrum Cuno GmbH und Co. KG New York for libraries and other users registered with electronic media (data bases, online reticulated sys- Gewerbering West 27, 39240 Calbe the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional tems, Internet, CD-ROM, DVD, PDA etc.) also in Reporting Service; www.copyright.com changed form or in form of a excerpt-wise linkage Typesetting For reprint information in the US, please contact: In- with other works including the translation into other seitenweise, Tübingen ternational Reprint Corporation, 287 East “H” St., Be- languages as well as by transmission of rights to use Production manager nicia, CA 94510, USA; phone: + 1-707-746-8740, fax to third. phone + 49-711-8931-883 + 1-707-746-1643; e-mail: [email protected] As far as illustrations are taken out of other publica- tions, the author is responsible for the complete indi- fax + 49-711-8931-393 Product names e-mail: [email protected] cation of source as well as the obtainment of the Product names which are registered trademarks may written consent of the other publishing house. Subscription information not have been specifically designated as such in The corresponding author will receive a PDF-file for phone + 49-711-8931-321 every case. In case where a product has been referred personal use. fax + 49-711-8931-422 to by its registered trademark it cannot be concluded e-mail: [email protected] that the name used is in the public domain. The Online General information same applies to labels, names or other signs. The scientific text of this journal is available online through Thieme-connect, http://www.thieme-con- Impact Factor (2014): The curent impact factor is Manuscripts nect.de/products. Access to Thieme-connect is free 5.104. Manuscript submission exclusively via: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/endoscopy of charge for personal subscribers. For information concerning