Complete List of Contents Volume 1 Publisher’s Note. ix Black Codes . 69 Introduction. xi Black Colleges and Universities . 70 Complete List of Contents . .xv Black Conservatism . 73 List of Contributors . xxi Black Flight . 76 Black Is Beautiful Movement . 77 Abolition. .1 Black Lives Matter. 77 Abortion Rights . 3 Black Middle Class/Black Underclass Accommodationism. .7 Relations . 79 ACT UP . 7 Black Nationalism . 81 Adarand Constructors v. Peña . 10 Black-on-black Violence. 85 Affirmative Action. 11 Black Panther Party . 86 African American-American Indian Relations . 17 Black Power Movement . 88 African American Baptist Church . 20 Blackness and Whiteness: Legal Definitions . 89 African American Women . 22 Bleeding Kansas . 90 Afrocentrism. 25 Body of Liberties . 92 Aid to Families with Dependent Children . 25 Bolling v. Sharpe. 94 AIDS Conspiracy Theory . 27 Bracero Program . 95 AIDS Crisis. 28 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters . 97 Alexander v. Holmes County Board Brown v. Board of Education. 98 of Education ���������������������������������������������������� 31 John Brown’s Raid . 100 All African People’s Revolutionary Party . 31 Buchanan v. Warley . 103 AME Church . 32 Busing and Integration . 104 AME Zion Churches . 34 Censuses, U.S. 108 American Anti-Slavery Society . 35 Charleston Church Shooting . 111 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) . 37 Charleston Race Riots. 112 American Council on Race Relations . 39 César Chávez . 112 Americans with Disabilities Act . 40 Chicano Movement . 114 American Indian Movement (AIM) . 42 Church Burnings . 118 Amistad Slave Revolt . 44 Citizens’ Councils . 119 Anti-Semitism in America. 47 Civil Disobedience . 120 Antislavery Laws of 1777 and 1807 . 48 Civil Liberties . 124 Atlanta Compromise . 50 Civil Rights. 128 Attica Prison Uprising. 53 Civil Rights Act of 1957 . 132 Bakke Case . 56 Civil Rights Act of 1960 . 133 Banking Practices . 57 Civil Rights Act of 1964 . 134 Baseball . 59 Civil Rights Act of 1968 . 136 Batson v. Kentucky . 61 Civil Rights Act of 1991 . 138 Biracialism . 62 Civil Rights Acts of 1866-1875 . 139 Black Cabinet . 64 Civil Rights Cases . 140 Black Church . 65 Civil Rights Movement . 141 xvi Complete List of Contents Civil Rights Restoration Act. 146 Entitlement Programs. 242 Civil War and African Americans. 148 Environmental Racism . 245 Class Theories of Racial/Ethnic Relations. 150 Equal Educational Opportunity . 246 Clinton Massacre . 153 Equal Employment Opportunity Act. 250 Clinton’s Initiative on Race. 154 Equal Employment Opportunity Colegrove v. Green . 155 Commission . 251 Coleman Report. 156 Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) . 252 Colfax Massacre . 157 Equality . 254 Colin Kaepernick Taking a Knee. 157 Equality of Opportunity . 255 College Admissions . 159 Fair Employment Practices Committee . 256 College Entrance Examinations . 160 Fair Housing Act . 257 Color of Law. 164 Ferguson/Shooting of Michael Brown. 260 Colored Women’s League . 164 Fifteenth Amendment . 262 Commission on Civil Rights, U.S. 165 Flint Water Crisis . 263 Compromise of 1850 . 167 Fourteenth Amendment . 264 Compromise of 1877 . 169 Free African Society. 266 Confiscation Acts of 1861 and 1862 . 170 Free Blacks. 269 Congress of Racial Equality . 171 Free-Soil Party . 270 Congressional Black Caucus . 172 Freedmen’s Bureau . 270 Conservative Theorists . 173 Freedom Riders . 273 Constitutional Racism. 176 Freedom Summer . 274 Cooper v. Aaron . 177 Betty Friedan . 275 Council of Federated Organizations . 178 Fugitive Slave Laws . 277 Crime and Race/Ethnicity . 179 Fullilove v. Klutznick . 277 Criminal Justice Reform . 183 Gallaudet University Protests . 278 Critical Race Theory . 184 Mohandas K. Gandhi . 280 Culture of Poverty. 186 Gentrification . 281 Daughters of Bilitis . 188 Gideon v. Wainwright . 281 Desegregation of the Defense Industry . 191 Grandfather Clauses . 283 Desegregation of Public Schools . 194 Great Migration . 283 Detroit Riot . 197 Green v. County School Board of Disability Rights Movement. 199 New Kent County . .286 Discrimination. 202 Greensboro Sit-ins. 287 Discrimination: Behaviors . 205 Griffin v. Breckenridge . 288 Discrimination: Racial and Ethnic . 206 Griggs v. Duke Power Company. .289 Disfranchisement Laws in Mississippi . 211 Grovey v. Townsend . 290 Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell . 214 Grutter v. Bollinger . 291 Drugs and Racial/Ethnic Relations . 216 Guinn v. United States. .292 Ebonics . 219 Haitians and Haitian Refugees . 293 Economics and Race . 220 Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections . .295 Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Company . 225 Head Start . 296 Education and African Americans . 226 Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States . .296 Education for All Handicapped Hernández v. Texas . 297 Children Act of 1975. 230 Homelessness . 298 Education and Racial/Ethnic Relations . 231 Housing . 301 Election of Barack Obama . 235 Hypersegregation . 306 Emancipation Proclamation . 237 “I Have a Dream” Speech . 307 Employment among African Americans . 239 Ideological Racism . 310 Complete List of Contents xvii Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 . 310 Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Company . 343 Individual Racism . 311 Judicial Review . 344 Inequality . 312 Jury Selection . 349 Institutional Racism . 313 Kansas-Nebraska Act . 351 Integration. 317 Kerner Report. 352 Intelligence and Race . 321 Keyes v. Denver School District No. 1 . 353 Internal Colonialism . 326 King, Martin Luther, Jr. 354 Internalized Racism . 329 Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination . 359 Interracial and Interethnic Marriage . 331 Rodney King Case . 361 Japanese Internment Camps . 334 Know-Nothing Party. 364 Jewish-African American Relations. 338 Ku Klux Klan . 364 Jim Crow Laws. 341 Ku Klux Klan Acts . 368 Volume 2 Complete List of Contents . ix Miscegenation Laws . 419 List of Contributors . xv Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. 420 Missouri Compromise. 421 Labor Movement . 369 Montgomery Bus Boycott. 424 Lau v. Nichols . .373 Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis . 427 Lawrence v. Texas . 374 Morrill Land Grant Act of 1890 . 428 LGBT Rights. 376 Moynihan Report . 428 Liberator, The . 380 Multiracial Movement. 429 Lincoln-Douglas Debates . 383 Naïveté Explanation of Racism . 433 Literacy Tests . 385 Nation of Islam . 434 Little Rock School Desegregation . 385 National Advisory Commission Los Angeles Riots of 1992. 386 on Civil Disorders . 437 Lynchings . 389 National Association for the Advancement of Malcolm X Assassination . 391 Colored People. 438 March on Washington . 394 National Association for the Marshall, Thurgood . 395 Advancement of Colored People Mattachine Society . 399 Legal Defense and Educational Fund. 442 McCleskey v. Kemp. .401 National Association of Colored Women . 443 Me Too Movement . 402 National Black Women’s Political Miami Riots of 1980 . 403 Leadership Caucus. 443 Military and Racial/Ethnic Relations . 405 National Coalition of Blacks for Military Desegregation . 407 Reparations in America . 444 Milk, Harvey . 408 National Council of Colored People . 444 Milliken v. Bradley. .410 National Council of Negro Women . 446 Million.