Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Chapter 10 Fluid Power Pneumatics (gas) & Hydraulics (liquid) Use the Textbook Pages 227 ­ 254 to help answer the questions Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Why You Learn So Well in Tech & Engineering Classes Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 1. Fluid power systems use the energy found in ___________ & ___________ to perform work. Pg. 227 Liquids & Gases Liquids & Solids Solids & Gases Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 2. ________________ systems control & transmit energy Pneumatic through the use of oils & liquids similar to oils. Hydraulic Vacuum Pg. 228 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 3. ______________ systems control & transmit energy through Pg. 228 the use of gases from our atmosphere. Pneumatic Hydraulic http://team358.org/files/pneumatic/5P­CYL.gif Vacuum Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 4. The big advantage of fluid power is its ability to _____________ _________ to generate strength. Pg. 229 Multiply Torque Multiply Force Multiply Distance Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 5. Fluids (liquids & gases) will flow from an area of ________ pressure to an area of ______ pressure. Pg. 230 More to Less High to Low Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 6. A pressure __________ measures the difference in the pressure within a fluid circuit as compared to the surrounding atmospheric pressure. (14.7 psi at sea level) (GHS is 794 ft. above sea level) Pg. 231 Gauge Wrench Valve Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 7. A ________ is a device that measures the rate of flow in a fluid power system. Pg. 231 Slow meter Flow meter Grow meter Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 8. Flow rate in a pneumatic system is expressed in Cubic Feet per Hour ______ ______ per _______ (CFM). Cubic Feet per Second Cubic Feet per Minute Pg. 231 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 9. Flow rate in a hydraulic system is expressed in ________ per _______ (GPM). Gallons per Hour Gallons per Minute Gallons per Second Pg. 231 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 10. _______ is the measurement of a fluids’ resistance to flow or internal friction. Pg. 232 Viscosity Velocity Volumetric Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 11. Hydraulic __________ supply & transmit the pressure needed to operate a hydraulic power system. Pg. 233 Pumps Motors Gauges Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 12. Pumps can be either _______ displacement or ____­_______ displacement . Pg. 234 Positive or Non­Positive Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 13. Name the types of pumps pictured below. Pg. 236 Centrifugal Gear Vane or Piston Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 14. The pump in a pneumatic system is the ______ __________________. Air Compressor Air Depressor Air Regressor Pg. 236 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 15. Compressors are often mounted on a tank or __________ Reservoir that stores a large volume of air. Box Shed Pg. 236 & 237 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 16. ______ couplers fasten air hoses & pneumatic tools to the lines in a shop. Slow Quick Handy Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 17. To prevent dirt & ___________ from entering a pneumatic system, the air is filtered & dried. Moisture Air Gasoline Pg. 238 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 18. A variable ­ ________ restrictor can start or stop the flow of air Pg. 238 in a pneumatic system. Flow Air Variable Flow Restrictor Gasoline Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 19. A pressure ­ ________ valve controls pressure coming from the compressor. Pg. 239 Regulating Relief Restrictor Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 20. A pressure ­ ________ valve is placed in a pneumatic system to Pg. 239 limit the maximum pressure. (a.k.a. burp­off valve) Regulating Relief Restrictor Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 21. Directional control valves are often called ________ valves Spool because of the way they are constructed. School Stool Pg. 239 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 22. Actuators, like those below can be either ________ ­ acting or _______ ­ acting cylinders. Single or Double Pg. 244 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 23. Fluid __________ are devices that convert fluid power into rotary motion. (Vane­type & Gear­type) Motors Pumps Gauges Pg. 244 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Safety rules to follow when working with any fluid power system are: * Always adjust pressure­relief valves to provide a safe OPERATING pressure. * Always wear SAFETY glasses or a face shield to protect your eyes. * Make necessary changes and adjustments to fluid circuits when they are NOT under pressure. * Always respect the PRESSURE in fluid circuits & the SPEED at which cylinders can move. Pg. 246 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 25. Boyle’s Laws remind us that liquids are not ______________, but gases are. Flammable Compressible Sensible Pg. 246 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 70 PSI 324 PSI 8 Cubic Feet 2 Cubic Feet Energy, Power & Transportation Technology 26. Pascal’s Laws mathematically relate __________, _______________, and _______ in hydraulic circuits Force, Pressure, Area Volts, Amps, Ohms Rate, Distance, Time Pg. 248 Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS 2 Column Notes Main Ideas Supporting Details __________ ________________ __________ ________________ __________ ________________ Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Highlight Your Study Guides Before Tests Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Read 3 Times Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Ask Yourself These Questions Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests Energy, Power & Transportation Technology • Hydraulics: Use oil & other liquids to transmit force and to multiply force • Pneumatics: Use compressed air, nitrogen, and other gases to transmit force and to multiply force • Liquids & Gases both flow from high to low pressures • A pressure gauge measures system pressure • A flowmeter measures the rate of flow CFM or GPM • Viscosity: Resistance of a liquid to flow (thickness) Energy, Power & Transportation Technology • Pumps: Supply a volume of flow • Restrictions: Cause the pressure • The pump in a pneumatic system is the air compressor • Reservoirs hold a volume of fluid in both hydraulic & pneumatic systems • Quick­Connect fittings are used in both pneumatic & hydraulic systems • Air must be conditioned by filtering & drying it Energy, Power & Transportation Technology • Always adjust pressure­relief valves to provide a safe operating pressure. • Always wear safety glasses or a face shield to protect your eyes. • Make necessary changes and adjustments to fluid circuits when they are not under pressure. • Always respect the pressure in fluid circuits and respect the speed at which cylinders can move. Energy, Power & Transportation Technology • Boyle’s Law • Boyle's Law relates the volume and pressure of an ideal gas held at a constant temperature. Robert Boyle (25 January 1627 – 30 December 1691) was an Anglo­Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor, and early gentleman scientist, noted for his work in physics and chemistry. He is best known for the formulation of Boyle's law. Although his research and personal philosophy clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, he is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry. He is very famous in the science world for being the first scientist that kept accurate experiment logs. Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry. Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Pascal's Law states that if you apply pressure to fluids that are confined (or can't flow to anywhere), the fluids will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure in all directions at the same rate. 10,000# 40,000# 1000 PSI 10 Square Inches 40 Square Inches Energy, Power & Transportation Technology • Pascal’s Law Pascal's Law states that if you apply pressure to fluids that are confined (or can't flow to anywhere), the fluids will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure in all directions at the same rate. • Blaise Pascal (pronounced [blez pɑskɑl]), (June 19, 1623 – August 19, 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences where he made important contributions to the construction of mechanical calculators, the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalizing the work of Evangelista Torricelli. Pascal also wrote powerfully in defense of the scientific method. • He was a mathematician of the first order. Pascal helped create two major new areas of research. He wrote a significant treatise on the subject of projective geometry at the age of sixteen and corresponded with Pierre de Fermat