The Garrison Study Unit........................................................................................6.1 Description of the Garrison Study Unit.............................................................6.1 Physiography ..................................................................................................6.1 Drainage ........................................................................................................ 6.6 Climate........................................................................................................... 6.6 Landforms and Soils.......................................................................................6.7 Flora and Fauna .............................................................................................6.7 Other Natural Resource Potential................................................................. 6.8 Overview of Previous Archeological Work ....................................................... 6.8 Inventory Projects ......................................................................................... 6.8 Test Excavation Projects ............................................................................. 6.47 Major Excavation Projects .......................................................................... 6.54 Other Work.................................................................................................. 6.60 Cultural/Temporal Affiliation......................................................................... 6.62 Paleo-Indian Period ........................................................................................ 6.63 Paleo-Environmental Modeling.................................................................. 6.63 Settlement Behavior.................................................................................... 6.63 Native Subsistence Practices....................................................................... 6.64 Technologies................................................................................................ 6.64 Artifact Styles .............................................................................................. 6.65 Regional Interaction.................................................................................... 6.65 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies .............................. 6.65 Plains Archaic Period...................................................................................... 6.66 Paleo-Environmental Modeling.................................................................. 6.66 Cultural Chronology .................................................................................... 6.66 Settlement Behavior.................................................................................... 6.67 Native Subsistence Practices....................................................................... 6.67 Technologies................................................................................................ 6.67 Artifact Styles .............................................................................................. 6.68 Regional Interaction.................................................................................... 6.68 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies .............................. 6.69 Plains Woodland Period ................................................................................. 6.69 Paleo-Environmental Modeling.................................................................. 6.69 Cultural Chronology .................................................................................... 6.70 Native Subsistence Practices....................................................................... 6.70 Technologies.................................................................................................6.71 Artifact Styles ...............................................................................................6.71 Regional Interaction.................................................................................... 6.73 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies .............................. 6.72 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies .............................. 6.73 Plains Village Period ....................................................................................... 6.73 Paleo-Environmental Modeling.................................................................. 6.74 Cultural Chronology .................................................................................... 6.74 Settlement Behavior.................................................................................... 6.74 Native Subsistence Practices........................................................................6.75 Technologies.................................................................................................6.75 Artifact Styles ...............................................................................................6.75 Regional Interaction.................................................................................... 6.76 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies .............................. 6.76 Equestrian/Fur Trade Period ......................................................................... 6.76 Paleo-Environmental Modeling.................................................................. 6.76 Cultural Chronology .....................................................................................6.77 Settlement Behavior.....................................................................................6.77 Native Subsistence Practices....................................................................... 6.78 Technologies................................................................................................ 6.78 Artifact Styles .............................................................................................. 6.78 Regional Interaction.................................................................................... 6.78 Historic Preservation Goals, Priorities, and Strategies .............................. 6.79 Figure 6.1: Map of the Garrison Study Unit......................................................... 6.2 Figure 6.1A: Shaded relief map of the Garrison Study Unit. ............................... 6.3 Figure 6.2: Ceramic vessel and body sherd photos, Mondrian Tree site (32MZ58); f: cord impressed vessel; g: cord roughened vessel (from C. Johnson 1983:9.11). ............................................................................................................................. 6.72 Table 6.1: Townships in the Garrison Study Unit. ............................................... 6.4 Table 6.2: Feature Type by Landform for Archeological Sites in the Garrison Study Unit, 13-Sept-2007. .................................................................................... 6.9 Table 6.3: A Brief Overview of the Large-scale Class III Inventories Conducted in the Garrison River Study Unit (5-Sept-2007)..................................................... 6.11 Table 6.4: Inventory Projects in the Garrison Study Unit, 5-Sept-2007............6.12 Table 6.5: Test Excavation Projects in the Garrison Study Unit, 5-Sept-2007. .6.51 Table 6.6: Major Excavation Projects in the Garrison Study Unit, 5-Sept-2007. ............................................................................................................................. 6.58 Table 6.7: Other Work in the Garrison Study Unit, 5-Sept-2007...................... 6.60 Table 6.8: Cultural/Temporal Affiliation of Archeological Resources in the Garrison Study Unit, 13-Sept-2007.................................................................... 6.62 The Garrison Study Unit Michael L. Gregg and Amy Bleier 2008 The Missouri valley in North Dakota upriver from Garrison dam to the Montana border has witnessed all of the state’s prehistory. Diagnostic artifacts are reported dating from Clovis times. The long east-west segment of the valley has vast areas of north-facing wooded slopes and draws which provide cover for an abundance of game animals and furbearers. This setting, including the river, tributary stream valleys, and upland grasslands, may have offered the most reliable resource base in the state for hunting and gathering peoples. Description of the Garrison Study Unit The Garrison Study Unit (GSU) is located in the northwestern part of North Dakota. Montana and Saskatchewan border it to the west and north. It covers of an area of 8,063 mi2, comprising all or parts of eight counties: Burke, Divide, Dunn, McKenzie, McLean, Mercer, Mountrail, Ward, and Williams. Figures 6.1 and 6.1A are maps illustrating the Study Unit. A complete listing of townships included in the Study Unit is presented in Table 6.1. Physiography The Study Unit lies within the glaciated Missouri Plateau Subsection of the Missouri Plateau Section of the Great Plains Physiographic Province (Fenneman 1931; Hunt 1974). Missouri River valley portions of the Study Unit are included in the Missouri River Trench District. But most of the Study Unit is made up of Missouri Coteau and Coteau Slope terrain. Land outside of the Trench beyond the right bank of the river is part of an unnamed district of the Glaciated Missouri Plateau Subsection (Fenneman 1931; Wyckoff and Kuehn 1983:Figure 4.11). Topographically, the Coteau Slope is characterized by gently rolling hills dissected by numerous