aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology Pictichromis dinar , a new dottyback (Perciformes: Pseudochromidae) from Indonesia John E. Randall 1 and Jennifer K. Schultz 2 1) B ishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA . E-mail: [email protected] 2) Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA Received: 02 April 2009 – Accepted: 06 September 2009 Abstract Arten haben keine Haplotypen gemeinsam; die inner - A new pseudochromid fish species, Pictichromis dinar , is artliche Divergenz der Sequenzen ist um eine Größenord - described from five specimens from the western side of the nung niedriger (d = 0,003) als die zwischenartliche (d = Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi , Indonesia, where it occurred on a 0,06). Dies ist mit der Isolierung bei der Fortpflanzung drop-off in 15 to 25 m. It is bright purple anteriorly and und der Zuerkennung des Art-Status' vereinbar. abruptly bright yellow posteriorly in life, hence remarkably similar to P. paccagnellae (range from Bali and Sulawesi to Résumé Vanuatu ), and to P. coralensis (range from Queensland to Une nouvelle espèce de Pseudochromidé, Pictichromis New Caledonia ). The demarcation of purple and yellow is dinar, est décrite sur base de cinq spécimens originaires du generally more anterior and more slanting in P. dinar . The côté ouest du Golfe de Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonésie, où elle caudal fin of P. paccagnellae and P. coralensis varies from survient sur un tombant entre 15 et 25 m. In vivo, elle est slightly rounded to slightly emarginate, compared to dis - pourpre clair antériurement et abruptement jaune clair po- tinctly emarginate in P. dinar , the caudal concavity is 9.9- stérieurement, donc remarquablement semblable à P. pac- 11.2% SL. Also, P. dinar has modally one more gill raker. cagnellae (distribution de Bali et Sulawesi jusqu’à Vanuatu), Thirty specimens of Pictichromis dinar and 28 of Pictichromis et à P. coralensis (du Queensland jusqu’à la Nouvelle-Calédo- paccagnellae were assessed at 628 base pairs of the mitochon - nie). La limite entre le pourpre et le jaune est généralement drial cytochrome c oxidase I gene. No haplotypes are shared plus antérieure et plus oblique pour P. dinar. La caudale chez between the species, and within species sequence divergence P. paccagnellae et P. coralensis va d’une forme légèrement ar- (d = 0.003) is an order of magnitude lower than sequence rondie à légèrement concave, comparée à la forme clairement divergence between the two species d = 0.06). This is consis - concave chez P. dinar, la concavité de la caudale étant de 9,9- tent with reproductive isolation and species-level designation. 11,2% de la LS. En outre, P. dinar a modalement une bran - chispine supplémentaire. Trente spécimens de Pictichromis Zusammenfassung dinar et 28 de Pictichromis paccagnellae ont été examinés avec Eine neue Zwergbarsch-Art, Pictichromis dinar, wird auf 628 paires de base du cytochrome mitochondiral c oxydase I der Grundlage von fünf Exemplaren von der Westseite des gène. Les espèces ne partagent pas d’haplotypes, et, à l’inté- Tomini-Golfs, Sulawesi, Indonesien, beschrieben, wo sie rieur de l’espèce, la divergence de séquence (d = 0,003) est in- an einem Steilhang in 15 bis 25 m Tiefe lebten. Sie sind férieure de l’ordre d’une magnitude à la même divergence en- vorne leuchtend purpurfarben und im hinteren Bereich tre les deux espèces (d = 0,06). Ceci est une suite logique de ohne Übergang leuchtend gelb (Lebendfärbung). Damit l’isolation reproductive et du niveau de spéciation de l’espèce. ähneln sie stark P. paccagnellae (Verbreitung von Bali und Sulawesi bis Vanuatu) sowie P. coralensis (von Queensland Sommario bis Neukaledonien). Die Grenze zwischen Purpur und Una nuova specie di pseudocromide, Pictichromis dinar, è Gelb liegt bei P. dinar mehr vorne und ist stärker descritta sulla base di cinque esemplari provenienti dalla abgeschrägt. Die Schwanzflosse variiert bei P. paccagnellae costa occidentale del Golfo di Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonesia, und P. coralensis von einer leicht rundlichen bis leicht lungo ripidi pendii tra i 15 e i 25 m di profondità. Ante- eingebuchteten Form, während sie bei P. dinar deutlich riormente presenta una colorazione porpora piuttosto ac- eingebuchtet ist, der Konkavitätsgrad beträgt 9,9 bis 11,2 cesa per poi passare bruscamente al giallo brillante poste- Prozent der Standardlänge (SL). Außerdem besitzt P. dinar riormente, una livrea molto simile a quella di P. paccagnel - im Durchschnitt ein Kiemenblättchen mehr. Bei 30 Exem - lae (diffuso da Bali e Sulawesi a Vanuatu) e a quella di plaren von Pictichromis dinar und 28 von Pictichromis pac- P. coralensis (dal Queensland alla Nuova Caledonia). La cagnellae wurden 628 Basenpaare des mitochondrialen linea di demarcazione tra il porpora e il giallo è general - Cytochrom- c-Oxidase-I-Gens untersucht. Die beiden mente spostata più avanti ed è più obliqua in P. dinar. La 169 aqua vol. 15 no. 4 - 15 October 2009 Pictichromis dinar , a new dottyback (Perciformes: Pseudochromidae) from Indonesia pinna caudale di P. paccagnellae e di P. coralensis varia dal Table I. Gill-raker counts of species of Pictichromis . lievemente arrotondato al leggermente concavo, rispetto a quella distintamente concava in P. dinar, con una concavi- 19 20 21 22 23 tà caudale pari al 9.9-11.2% SL. Inoltre, P. dinar ha un va- P. coralinus 471 lore modale più alto di rastrelli branchiali. Trenta esemplari P. dinar 14 di P. dinar e 28 di P. paccagnellae sono stati utilizzati per l’analisi di 628 paia di basi del gene I per la citocromo c P. paccagnellae 15 25 10 ossidasi mitocondriale. Nessun aplotipo condiviso è stato P. sp. (Rowley Shoals) 1 rinvenuto tra le due specie ed entro le specie la divergenza di sequenza (d = 0.003) è di un ordine di grandezza infe- Kenn Hyltoft of CV. Dinar in Jakarta, a company riore di quella tra le due specie (d = 0.06). Questo dato è that exports aquarium fishes, corals, and other coerente con l’isolamento riproduttivo e la designazione marine animals from various localities in Indone - come specie distinte. sia, was informed by aquarium fish collectors in Sulawesi that there are two different kinds of Royal INTRODUCTION Dottybacks in the Gulf of Tomini, one from shal - The small Indo-Pacific reef fishes popularly low reefs, and the other from steep drop-offs in 30- known as dottybacks are classified in the 40 m (the depth range later emended to 18-25 m). Pseudochrominae, one of four subfamilies of the On receiving a shipment of the two, Hyltoft Pseudochromidae. Gill (2004) revised the subfam - noticed the caudal fin of the deeper-dwelling form ily, dividing it into 10 genera, four of which he is more emarginate, and the demarcation of the described as new. His new genus Pictichromis is purple and yellow on the body is more anterior on represented by the all-purple type species, P. por - the upper part of the body, hence more sloping. phyrea (Lubbock & Goldman, 1974), and five Live fish were sent to the eminent aquarist Scott W. species that are purple and abruptly bright yellow Michael of Lincoln, Nebraska, who confirmed the in differing proportions. Allen et al. (2008) differences, took aquarium photographs, and sent described another species of Pictichromis as P. caitli - specimens and images to us. Photographs were also nae from Cenderawasih Bay, western New Guinea . provided by Arie De Jong, an aquarium fish The best known species of this complex is the importer in Holland, who had received Sulawesi royal dottyback, Pictichromis paccagnellae (Axelrod, fish from CV. Dinar. 1973), described from specimens obtained in the Counts and measurements of available Bishop aquarium trade from an unknown locality in Museum material of Pictichromis paccagnellae failed Indonesia via the Paccagnella family, aquarium fish to show any obvious differences from the Sulawesi wholesalers in Italy (therefore the species name fish, except for the caudal-fin shape of those speci - should have been paccagnellorum ). It is purple on mens with the fin fully intact. We requested loans of the anterior half, and yellow on the posterior, very specimens of P. paccagnellae and P. coralensis from the similar to the pattern of the fairy basslet, Gramma Australian Museum, the Western Australian loreto Poey, 1868 of the tropical western Atlantic, a Museum, and the U.S. National Museum of Nat - species of the family Grammatidae. A second ural History. The additional specimens of P. species of Pictichromis with the same half-purple, paccagnellae have enabled us to determine a modal half-yellow pattern was described by Gill (2004) in difference of one in gill-raker counts of the deeper his subfamily revision as P. coralensis from speci - water fish from both P. paccagnellae and P. coralensis mens from the Great Barrier Reef, reefs in the (Table I). Hyltoft provided fin clips of P. paccagnel - Coral Sea, and New Caledonia . Many of the spec - lae and the similar deeper water form from Sulawesi imens, on which the description was based had for DNA analysis ; Fenton Walsh of Cairns, Queens - previously been identified as Pseudochromis land supplied fin clips from P. coralensis , and Sergey paccagnellae . It was distinguished from Pictichromis Bogorodsky obtained fin clips of Pseudochromis oli - paccagnellae mainly by having fewer scales in longi - vaceus Rüppell , 1835 from the Red Sea. Phyloge - tudinal series on the body. Pictichromis paccagnellae netic analysis of mitochrondrial DNA sequences ranges from off the northwestern coast of Australia confirms genetic isolation of the deeper water through central Indonesia and Papua New Guinea Sulawesi specimens that represent the new species. to Vanuatu, with a photographic record from Palau. A distribution map of this species, P. coralen - MATERIALS AND METHODS sis , and P.