23858/22052017/VO/03/VO ANKERWYCKE PRIORY SCHEUDLED MONUMENT: ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Ankerwycke Priory Scheduled Monument (List entry Number: 1007943), Windsor & Maidenhead Archaeological Impact Assessment AOC Project Number: 23858 June 2017 (c) AOC Archaeology 2017 | 1 | www.aocarchaeology.com 23858/22052017/VO/03/VO ANKERWYCKE PRIORY SCHEUDLED MONUMENT: ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Ankerwycke Priory Scheduled Monument Archaeological Impact Assessment On Behalf of: National Trust London and South East Saunderton Hub The Clare Charity Centre Saunderton High Wycombe Buckinghamshire HP14 4B4 National Grid Reference (NGR): NGR 500400 172600 (centred) AOC Project No: 23858 OASIS ID: aocarcha1‐287870 Prepared by: Vicky Oleksy Illustration by: Vicky Oleksy Date of Report: 20th June 2017 This document has been prepared in accordance with AOC standard operating procedures. Author: Vicky Oleksy Date: May 2017 Approved by: Lynne Roy Date: May 2017 Draft/Final Report Stage: Final Date: June 2017 Enquiries to: AOC Archaeology Group Edgefield Industrial Estate Edgefield Road Loanhead EH20 9SY Tel. 0131 440 3593 Fax. 0131 440 3422 e‐mail. [email protected] (c) AOC Archaeology 2017 | 2 | www.aocarchaeology.com 23858/22052017/VO/03/VO ANKERWYCKE PRIORY SCHEUDLED MONUMENT: ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Contents Page List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 List of Plates ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 List of appendices ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 1 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 6 2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Ankerwycke Scheduled Monument .................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Topographical & Geological Conditions ........................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Landscape Management proposal ................................................................................................................... 7 2.4 Legislations and Government and local planning policies and guidance ......................................................... 8 2.5 Limitations of Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 8 3 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 4 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 4.1. Standards ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Data sources .................................................................................................................................................... 9 4.3 Report structure ............................................................................................................................................. 10 5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL EVIDENCE ............................................................................................. 11 5.1 Prehistoric (8000BC- AD 43) .......................................................................................................................... 11 5.2 Roman (8000 BC-AD 410) ............................................................................................................................. 12 5.3 Early Historic (AD 410-1066).......................................................................................................................... 12 5.4 Medieval (AD 1066-1600) .............................................................................................................................. 12 5.5 Post-medieval (AD 1600-1900) ...................................................................................................................... 14 5.6 Modern (AD post 1900) .................................................................................................................................. 15 5.7 Undated evidence .......................................................................................................................................... 16 5.8 Aerial Photograph & LiDAR evidence ............................................................................................................ 16 5.9 Previous archaeological fieldwork .................................................................................................................. 17 5.10 Walkover Survey ....................................................................................................................................... 18 6 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................................... 22 6.1 Sensitivity of Remains .................................................................................................................................... 22 6.2 Potential impacts ............................................................................................................................................ 24 6.3 Mitigation ........................................................................................................................................................ 29 7 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................... 32 7.1 Bibliographic References ............................................................................................................................... 32 7.2 Cartographic References ............................................................................................................................... 33 7.3 Archive References ........................................................................................................................................ 34 7.4 Aerial Photographic References ..................................................................................................................... 35 (c) AOC Archaeology 2017 | 3 | www.aocarchaeology.com 23858/22052017/VO/03/VO ANKERWYCKE PRIORY SCHEUDLED MONUMENT: ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT List of Figures Figure 1: Site location map Figure 2: Heritage Assets Recorded by HERs and NHRE Figure 3: Features identified from map regression, aerial photographs and LiDAR Figure 4: Features identified from walkover survey Figure 5: Wraysbury enclosure map, 1800 Figure 6: Extract from Ordnance Survey drawing, 1811 Figure 7: Wraysbury Tithe Map, 1840 Figure 8: Extract from map by Ordnance Survey, 1897 Figure 9: Extract from map by Ordnance Survey, 1899 Figure 10: Extract from map by Ordnance Survey, 1933 Figure 11: Extract from map by Ordnance Survey, 1944 Figure 12: RCHME 1992 Earthwork Survey Figure 13: 2006 Geophysical Survey Figure 14: All Heritage Assets at Ankerwycke Figure 15: Areas of Archaeological Sensitivity List of Plates Plate 1: Upstanding priory remains from northeast Plate 2: Upstanding priory remains from north Plate 3: Upstanding priory remains from southwest Plate 4: Ankerwycke Yew, from south Plate 5: Ridge and furrow in Ankerwycke Mead, from northwest Plate 6: Ridge and furrow in Ankerwycke Mead, from north Plate 7: Water feature/ditch (Site 4) from south Plate 8: Water feature/ditch (Site 4) looking east from western corner of dog leg Plate 9: Water feature/ditch (Site 4) looking north from western corner of dog leg Plate 10: View towards building platform, from west Plate 11: Northern fish pond, from northwest Plate 12: Western fish pond, from northwest Plate 13: Area of slipway/former location of boat house, from northeast Plate 14: Large concrete stairs (Site R) possibly associated with the 20th century swimming pool, from north Plate 15: Concrete and brick footing (Site S), from north Plate 16: Concrete steps (Site J) possibly associated with the Picnic House, from east Plate 17: Curvilinear brick feature (Site T) possibly associated with the Picnic House, from east Plate 18: Circular concrete man hole like feature (Site U) from northwest Plate 19: Square man hole like feature (Site V) from northeast Plate 20: Large depressed area in southern wood, from northwest Plate 21: Former landing stage (Site W), from east Plate 22: Rubble block associated with from landing stage (Site W), from north Plate 23: Wood cladding and concrete post revetting at Site W, from east Plate 24: Footbridge, steps and walled path at Site L, from south :Plate 25 Picture of walled path (Site L) showing rebuilt and earlier sections Plate 26: Footbridge, steps and walled path (Site L), from north Plate