Where are we on the time axis? M. B. Patil [email protected] Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay July, 2009 M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed * 3 B: first sign of life * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire * 200 K: speech begins * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B 1 B 100 M 10 M 1 M 100 K 10 K 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 4.5 B: earth formed * 3 B: first sign of life * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire * 200 K: speech begins * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang 1 B 100 M 10 M 1 M 100 K 10 K 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 3 B: first sign of life * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire * 200 K: speech begins * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed 1 B 100 M 10 M 1 M 100 K 10 K 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire * 200 K: speech begins * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed 1 B * 3 B: first sign of life 100 M 10 M 1 M 100 K 10 K 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire * 200 K: speech begins * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed 1 B * 3 B: first sign of life 100 M * 600 M: earliest fossils 10 M 1 M 100 K 10 K 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire * 200 K: speech begins * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed 1 B * 3 B: first sign of life 100 M * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct 10 M 1 M 100 K 10 K 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 1.8 M: Use of fire * 200 K: speech begins * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed 1 B * 3 B: first sign of life 100 M * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct 10 M * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. 1 M 100 K 10 K 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 200 K: speech begins * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed 1 B * 3 B: first sign of life 100 M * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct 10 M * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire 1 M 100 K 10 K 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed 1 B * 3 B: first sign of life 100 M * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct 10 M * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire 1 M * 200 K: speech begins 100 K 10 K 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed 1 B * 3 B: first sign of life 100 M * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct 10 M * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire 1 M * 200 K: speech begins 100 K * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) 10 K 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed 1 B * 3 B: first sign of life 100 M * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct 10 M * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire 1 M * 200 K: speech begins 100 K * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance 10 K tools 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed 1 B * 3 B: first sign of life 100 M * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct 10 M * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire 1 M * 200 K: speech begins 100 K * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance 10 K tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 12 B: Big Bang * 4.5 B: earth formed 1 B * 3 B: first sign of life 100 M * 600 M: earliest fossils * 64 M: Dinosaurs become extinct 10 M * 2.5 M: Paleolithic age begins. Use of stone tools. * 1.8 M: Use of fire 1 M * 200 K: speech begins 100 K * 100 K: Homo Sapiens (early man) * 70 K: Neanderthal man (northern Europe), use of fire and advance 10 K tools * 70 K: Humans begin to use clothing 1 K * 28 K: Art (cave paintings in central Europe) M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 17 K: lamps using animal fat fuel (central Europe) * 12 K: domestication of dog for hunting and protection * 10 K: boats (pacific), dug-out logs * 4000 BC: Copper was found (West Asia) * 3000 BC: Addition of tin to melter copper: bronze (harder and more durable than stone and copper) * 3000-2500 BC: old kingdom of Egypt, pyramids were built, astronomical observations begin in Babylonia, China, India * 2772 BC: 365-day calendar started * 2000 BC: iron was found (West Asia) * 2000-1500 BC: decmial system used, dams are built in India for irrigation * 1500-1000 BC: The Upanishads were written Where are we on the time axis? 10 B 1 B 100 M 10 M 1 M 100 K 10 K 1 K M. B. Patil, IIT Bombay * 12 K: domestication of dog for hunting and protection * 10 K: boats (pacific), dug-out logs * 4000 BC: Copper was found (West Asia) * 3000 BC: Addition of tin to melter copper: bronze (harder and more durable than stone and copper) * 3000-2500 BC: old kingdom of Egypt, pyramids were built, astronomical observations begin in Babylonia, China, India * 2772 BC: 365-day calendar started * 2000 BC: iron was found (West Asia) * 2000-1500 BC: decmial system used, dams are built in India for irrigation * 1500-1000 BC: The Upanishads were written Where are we on the time axis? 10 B * 17 K: lamps using animal fat fuel (central Europe) 1 B 100 M 10 M 1 M 100 K 10 K 1 K M.