UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL Thomas Carrigan YMCA 2019 Southeastern High School Model United Nations YMCA Southeastern High School Model UN Dear Delegates, On behalf of the conference staff, it is our honor to welcome you to SHSMUN 2019! There is no place other than Chattanooga, Tennessee that we would rather be this November 23-25, and we cannot wait for you to join us there. This year, we have again worked tirelessly to improve your SHSMUN experience by making our committee and conference procedures better than ever before thanks to the hard work of our staff. To date, we have prepared 36 topics for you to debate, changed General Assembly structure to be more involved and include more delegates, and increased the role of DPC to bring you a more authentic and updated conference experience. Of course, the surest way to have an unforgettable SHSMUN experience is through work on the part of you, the delegate. Our longest SHSMUN tradition has been taking pride in our staff and our delegates’ commitment to research, hard work, and introspective and focused debate while at the conference. As such, we hope that the topic guides that we have prepared will introduce you to many intriguing and relevant international problems facing the world today, and inspire you to delve into your research into your country's position with the enthusiasm we have been so privileged to witness at past conferences. Remember, the research and writing process of position papers and resolutions is not only rewarding but will have innumerable benefits at SHSMUN 2019. Coming into committee with knowledge about your country and ideas for how your country will address the issues at hand will allow your debate and diplomacy skills to shine each and every committee session. Coming in with an educated perspective will not only allow you to be a better and more informed delegate, but to realize that the positions of other countries can work in conjunction with your own. In any committee, delegates will have to agree to disagree and instead work to compromise for the betterment of the international community. To be able to do this and do it well is a vital skill for the increasingly interconnected world we live in today, and what better place to practice it than right here at SHSMUN 2019! With all this in mind, please do not hesitate to contact your chair or any other conference staff members with your questions relating to topics, committee, or the conference in general. We wish you the best of luck in your work, and we cannot wait to see all of your efforts pay off at the Conference this November! Best of luck, Caroline Cornett Caden Farley Ethan Fell 1 Secretary General Director General General Committee President [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] P.S. Make sure to keep up with the latest SHSMUN news and updates by following our social Council Security YMCA Southeastern High School Model UN media accounts! Instagram Twitter Snapchat @tnshsmun @tnshsmun @tnshsmun 2 Security Council Council Security YMCA Southeastern High School Model UN Table of Contents Letter from the Chair ........................................................................................................................ 6 Committee History ............................................................................................................................ 7 Topic A: Addressing Post-Election Violence in Developing Countries ............................................ 8 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Current Situation............................................................................................................................... 11 Committee Directive and Jurisdiction .............................................................................................. 13 Questions to Consider ....................................................................................................................... 14 Suggested Sources ............................................................................................................................ 14 Topic B: The Situation in Cameroon ................................................................................................ 15 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 16 Current Situation............................................................................................................................... 17 Committee Directive & Jurisdiction ................................................................................................. 19 Questions to Consider ....................................................................................................................... 20 Suggested Sources ............................................................................................................................ 20 Topic C: Peacebuilding in the Sahel ................................................................................................. 21 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Current Situation............................................................................................................................... 24 Committee Directive & Jurisdiction ................................................................................................. 26 Questions to Consider ....................................................................................................................... 26 3 Suggested Sources ............................................................................................................................ 27 Council Security YMCA Southeastern High School Model UN Parliamentary Cheat Sheets Sheet 1: Overview of Common Points and Motions Motion or May Requires Pro-Con May Be Vote Point Interrupt Second? Debate? Amended? Required Speaker? Point of Order Y N N/A N Chair’s Discretion Right of Reply Y N N/A N Chair’s Discretion Suspend the N Y N/A Y Simple Meeting Majority Limit / Extend N Y 1/1 Y Simple Debate Majority Limit Speaker’s N Y 1/1 Y Simple Time Majority Introduce N Y 1/1 N Simple Amendment Majority Introduce N Y 2/2 N Simple Resolution Majority Enter Voting N Y 2/2 N 2/3rds Procedures Majority Divide the N Y 1/1 N Simple Question Majority Table N Y 2/2 N 2/3rds Majority Take from the N Y 1/1 N Simple Table Majority Caucus (ALL) N Y 1/1 Y Simple Majority Roll Call Vote N Y 1/1 N Simple Majority 4 Suspend the N Y 2/2 Y 2/3rds Rules Majority Security Council Council Security YMCA Southeastern High School Model UN Sheet 2: The Parliamentary Procedure Basics Remember! 1. Any time you speak, you must begin by saying your name and country. 2. Before you ask questions to a delegate, you must say, “Does the delegate yield to a possible series of questions?” and if they yield, you may then ask up to three questions. Speakers’ List: add yourself if you wish to speak on the topic. If you are on the docket, you are automatically added. When on the Speakers’ List, you may yield your time one of three ways: • To the chair: Chair absorbs the rest of your time • To questions: Other delegates may ask you up to three questions • To another delegate: Another delegate may speak for the rest of your time Caucuses: • Moderated caucus: a way to hear from multiple delegates for short periods of time; set a total speakers time, an individual delegate speaking time, and a topic • Roll Call Caucus: The Co-Chair will take roll, and every delegate will be given thirty seconds to speak on their position. • Unmoderated caucus: unregulated time to work on super-resolutions; stay on task. Points: • Point of Order*: Used if a delegate incorrectly uses parliamentary procedure • Point of Inquiry: Used to ask questions about parliamentary procedure or clarify what is going on; also used to ask for other delegates to speak louder, for boys to ask to remove their coats, to ask to change temperature of the room • Right of Reply*: If another delegate directly slanders your country, you can use this to refute their claims and defend your nation *You may interrupt a speaker to make these points Introductions: • Amendments: In order to change or add anything to a resolution already introduced, you must send it to the dais and then move to introduce it. • Friendly amendments: The author(s) of the resolution(s) favor it and it is immediately added to the resolution • Unfriendly amendments: The author(s) of the resolution(s) do not favor it, and it is put to a vote in committee • Resolutions: 25% of the committee must be signatories, then send it to the dais and move to introduce it. Ways to Vote (Resolutions and Amendments) • Simple Placard Vote: Delegates raise their placard to cast their vote (default) 5 • Roll Call Vote: The Co-Chair will take roll and each country will say their response;