TAXON: Tetrapanax papyrifer SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk (Hook.) K. Koch Taxon: Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K. Koch Family: Araliaceae Common Name(s): Chinese rice paper-plant Synonym(s): Aralia papyrifera Hook. rice paper plant Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 10 Oct 2018 WRA Score: 12.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Naturalized Shrub, Environmental Weed, Allergenic, Dense Stands, Suckers Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Creation Date: 10 Oct 2018 (Tetrapanax papyrifer Page 1 of 16 (Hook.) K. Koch) TAXON: Tetrapanax papyrifer SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk (Hook.) K. Koch Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 n 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 3 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 10 Oct 2018 (Tetrapanax papyrifer Page 2 of 16 (Hook.) K. Koch) TAXON: Tetrapanax papyrifer SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk (Hook.) K. Koch Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [No evidence of domestication] "The plant has been cultivated for many years in Formosa and China. Bowring (7) reported that a large Perdue, Jr., R. E. & Kraebel, C. J. (1961). The Rice-Paper plantation, some "400 le" in circumference, nearly all of which was Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic devoted to this plant, was in existence at Ke-Iung-shan in -Formosa Botany, 15(2), 165-179 about 1850. Hosie (24) in 1922 reported that the plant was extensively grown in Kweichow." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Distribution. Tetrapanax papyriferum is apparently native to northern Formosa and to the South China provinces of Hunan, Perdue, Jr., R. E. & Kraebel, C. J. (1961). The Rice-Paper Szechwan, Yunnan, Kweichow, Kwangsi, and Kwangtung. It may have Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic been introduced to Formosa from the mainland (28). The plant is not Botany, 15(2), 165-179 known from northern Indo-China or northern Burma. The rice-paper plant has been introduced into most tropical and subtropical areas, where it is widely planted as an ornamental." "Native USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Asia-Temperate 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online EASTERN ASIA: Japan, [Ryukyu Islands] Taiwan" Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 8 Oct 2018] 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 8 Oct 2018] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Creation Date: 10 Oct 2018 (Tetrapanax papyrifer Page 3 of 16 (Hook.) K. Koch) TAXON: Tetrapanax papyrifer SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk (Hook.) K. Koch Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2007. Flora of "Mixed thickets; ϭϬϬʹϮϴϬϬm. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, China. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, SW Sichuan, Taiwan, NW Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Yunnan, Zhejiang." [Elevation range exceeds 2000 m, demonstrating Louis environmental versatility] Hardiness: USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 °C (-10 °F) USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 °C (-5 °F) USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 °C (0 °F) Dave's Garden. (2018). Rice-Paper Tree - Tetrapanax USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 °C (5 °F) papyrifer. https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/53663/. USDA Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F) [Accessed 8 Oct 2018] USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F) USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F) USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "Seen here naturalizing in a high elevation site in North Kona. Many seedlings were found along roadside apparently spreading from several large, flowering and fruiting cultivated plants. This species also successfully naturalizes at sea level, as in Ke͚anae, Maui (Starr: Parker, J.L. & Parsons, B. (2012). New plant records from Plants of Hawaii photos/correspondence). This species is also the Big Island for 2009. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers reported naturalizing on O͚ahu (Lau & Frohlich this volume). 113: ϱϱʹϲϯ Material examined. HAWAI͚I: North Kona distr. Kaloko Mauka, 2182287N, 190707E. large leaved tree found naturalized near cultivated specimens, many keiki along roadside, none flowering, 23 Mar 2009, J. Parker & R. Parsons BIED80." "Tetrapanax papyrifer was observed occasionally in the Tantalus area of O͚ahu near trailheads, roadside locations, home gardens with mixed ornamentals and naturalized secondary forest species, and as very small individuals sprouting out of gravel driveways. Parker & Lau, A. and Frohlich, D. 2012. New plant records from Parsons (this volume) report this species as naturalized on Hawai͚i O͚ahu for 2009. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 7- island. Material examined. O͚AHU: Tantalus on Round Top Drive 26 (UTM 2358758, 622883). Wet lowland residential area, 0.4 m tall sapling, producing suckers at base. No flowers or fruit. Several saplings growing out of gravel driveway, as well as across the street along roadside. occasional in neighborhood, 9 Jan 2009, OED 2009010901." Perdue, Jr., R. E. & Kraebel, C. J. (1961). The Rice-Paper "The rice-paper plant has been introduced into most tropical and Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic subtropical areas, where it is widely planted as an ornamental. It Botany, 15(2), 165-179 occurs as an escape in Florida." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes Creation Date: 10 Oct 2018 (Tetrapanax papyrifer Page 4 of 16 (Hook.) K. Koch) TAXON: Tetrapanax papyrifer SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk (Hook.) K. Koch Qsn # Question Answer Perdue, Jr., R. E. & Kraebel, C. J. (1961). The Rice-Paper "The rice-paper plant has been introduced into most tropical and Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic subtropical areas, where it is planted as an ornamental." Botany, 15(2), 165-179 Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H.