m Cm. *. ~« V** r »;r ;/i!V nL\r8£isi Europe ...AJ: ■■*i IUCN The W orldConservationUnion Thiss i oneofanumberofregionalactionplansbeingpreparedbythe CommissiononNationalParksandProtectedAreas(CNPPA)asaresultofthe IVWorldParksCongress(Caracas,Venezuela,1992)andascontribution a tothe implementationoftheCaracasActionPlan. Thepreparationoftheplanwasguidedbya SteeringCommittee,which includedrepresentativesofIUCN-CNPPA,theIUCNEuropeanProgramme,the FederationofNatureandNationalParksofEurope(FNNPE),theWorldWide FundForNature(WWF)andtheWorldConservationMonitoringCentre (WCMC).ThemembersofthisCommitteewere: ProfessorAdrianPhillips(Chair) Dr ArnoldBoer(Netherlands) Professor AitkenClark(FNNPE) Lars-Erik Esping(Sweden) Jeremy Harrison(WCMC) Dr MattiHelminen(Finland) Dr HartmutJungius(Germany) Dr ZbigniewKarpowicz(IUCN) Jean-l.uc Sadorge(France) David Sheppard(IUCN) Dr MagnusSylven(WWF-Intemational) Hugh Synge(ProjectCoordinator) Marija Zupancic-Vicar(Slovenia) The planwaspreparedbyHughSynge,whocoordinatedtheprojectandwrote thetextbasedontheinputofover200individualsandinstitutions(listedinthe Annex)andcontributionsfromseveralinternationalconferences,inparticular theRegionalMeetingofCNPPA(Nykoping,Sweden,June1993).Thefulltextis availableinEnglish,French,SpanishandGerman. The SummarywaswrittenbyRobHume(TheRoyalSocietyfortheProtection ofBirds,UK)andisbeingprintedseparatelyinasmanylanguagesaspossible. Cover designbyRobinPadian,RSPB Base maps(includingcover)MountainHighMaps1MCopyright1993Digital Wisdom, Inc Cover photographs:ASH/RSPB;RSPB/C.H.Gomersall;WWF/JanSevcik Paper: Metsd-SerlaOy/StudioProNatura115g/m2 Cover: GalerieArt300g/m2 ReproductionTextopOy yPrintedb MartinpainoOy Parks forLife: Action forProtectedAreasinEurope Thl s One NLSP-8KX-RBC1 Parks forLife: Action forProtectedAreasinEurope Preparedy b TheIUCNCommissiononNationaland ParksProtectedAreas(CNPPA) as part oftheIUCNProtectedAreasProgrammeandtheIUCNEuropean Programme inassociationwith The FederationofNatureandNationalParksofEurope(FNNPE) TheWorldWideFundForNature(WWF) TheWorldConservationMonitoringCentre(WCMC) BirdLifeInternational with supportfrom The SwedishEnvironmentalProtectionAgency The MinistryofAgriculture,NatureManagementandFisheries,The Netherlands TheFinnishForestandParkService,Finland TheMinistryofEnvironment,Norway TheCountrysideCommission,UK BundesministeriumfurUmwelt,NaturschutzundReaktorsicherheit, Germany TheNationalForestandNatureAgency,MinistryoftheEnvironment, Denmark TheWorldWideFundForNature(WWF) TheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds(UK) FinnishForestIndustries SmeltInternational,Slovenia SalzburgerNationalparkfonds(Salzburg,Austria) As acontributiontotheevolvingEnvironmentalProgrammeforEurope,being preparedonbehalfoftheEnvironmentMinistersofEurope IUCN -TheWorldConservationUnion 1994 IUCNH O wy % BirdLifeBirdi Th.VltortdConMmrtonTh. orfd W CorawvrtonUnionUnion \"\Xi^TWg,/\S-\ELiSfWSy ^^W^« ..~„.„™.,WRLDCONSERVATION„„„.„„.. INTKMIMKKNATIATIONAl WWF MONITORINGCENTRE PARKSOR F LIFE PublishedbyIUCN-TheWorldConservationUnion,RueMauverney28, CH-1196Gland,Switzerland Copyright:1994InternationalUnionforConservationofNatureandNatural Resources(IUCN) Reproductionofthispublicationforeducationalorothernon-commercial purposesisauthorizedwithoutpriorpermissionfromthecopyrightholder. Reproductionforresaleorothercommercialpurposesisprohibitedwithoutthe priorwrittenpermissionofthecopyrightholder. Citation:IUCNCommissiononNationalParksandProtectedAreas(1994). ParksforLife:Actionfor ProtectedAreasinEurope,IUCN,Gland,Switzerlandand Cambridge,UK.154pp. ISBN: 2-8317-0230-5 Designed andtypesetbytheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,UK,and printedthroughtheFinnishForestandParkServiceinFinland,inbothcasesas donationstoIUCN. Availablefrom:IUCNPublicationsServicesUnit,219cHuntingdonRoad, Cambridge,CB3ODL,UK. Thepresentationofmaterialin thisbookandthegeographicaldesignations employeddonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartof IUCNconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,orarea,orits authorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries. Printedn o environmentallyappropriatepaperprovidedbytheFinnishforest industry. PARKSOR F LIFE PREFACE Protectedareasencompassthemostexciting,dramaticandinspiring landscapes,completewiththefinestwildlifesystemsandsomeofthemost enduringhumanculturesofEurope.Likeparks,naturereservesandprotected landscapeseverywhere,theyfaceanuncertainfuture.YetinmanywaysEurope isfortunatecomparedtootherpartsofourstressedworld.Itenjoysagenerally stablehumanpopulation,relativeprosperity,surplusagriculturalcapacity,a newclimateofcooperationamongnations,andanincreasinglyconcerned public—allofwhichcreateaclimateofopportunityforprotectedareasin Europe. ParksforLife:Actionfor ProtectedAreasinEuropeisaresponsetothisopp ortunity.ItisalsoaresponsetothecalloftheWorldParksCongressinCaracas in1992forregionalplanstolinkglobalaimstonationalandlocalaction.Itis, too,afollow-uptothedecisionsoftheEarthSummitandthepleaformore sustainablelivinginCaringfortheEarth. Parks forLifeisaremarkabledocument,bothfortheunprecedentedpartner shipofhundredsofpeopleandorganizationswhoworkedonitspreparation, andforthethoroughnessanddetailofitscontent.ToallIUCNmembersand partnerswhohavebeenengagedin thisventure,Iofferawarmthanks. Nowcomesthehardpart:makingarealityoftheplan.I callonallIUCN membersinEuropetorespondtotherecommendationsandjoinin implementingthepriorityprojects.Thereisa roleforinternationalbodies,for governmentsandgovernmentagencies,fornotleastfornon-governmentaland communityorganizations—andforworkingattheEuropean,nationaland locallevels. To helpgetthemessageacross,ParksforLifeissupportedbytwoother documents,bothmadeavailablefortranslationintonationallanguages.A summarydistilsthemainpointsof thetext;anda briefdecision-makers'version hasbeenbuiltaroundthepartners'sharedvision ofplace theofprotectedareas inEuropeatthestartofthenextcentury. This lan paddressesEurope'sprotectedareaneeds.Butmanyofthekeythemes —communityinvolvement,theneedtoplanandmanageprotectedareasin theirwidercontext,andtheimportanceofseizingopportunitiesaswellas respondingtothreats—arerelevanteverywhere.Soisthecollaborativeprocess bywhichtheplanwasprepared.ThroughCNPPAandthewiderIUCN membership,IUCNwilladaptandhelpapplythelessonslearnedinregional plansforprotectedareasinotherparts ofworld the—aswellasworkingto implementthisplan. David McDowell DirectorGeneral IUCN-TheWorldConservationUnion PARKSOR F LIFE PARKSOR F LIFE IUCN-TheWorldConservationUnion.Foundedin1948,TheWorldCon servationUnionbringstogetherStates,governmentagenciesandadiverse rangeofnon-governmentalorganizationsinauniqueworldpartnership:over 800membersinall,spreadoversome125countries.AsaUnion,IUCNseeksto influence,encourageandassistsocietiesthroughouttheworldtoconservethe IUCNintegrityanddiversityofnatureandtoensurethatanyuseofnaturalresources The WorldConservationUnion isequitableandecologicallysustainable.TheWorldConservationUnionbuilds onthestrengthsofitsmembers,networksandpartnerstoenhancetheir capacityandtosupportglobalalliancestosafeguardnaturalresourcesatlocal, regionalandgloballevels. TheCommissiononNationalParksandProtectedAreas(CNPPA),oneofsix standingcommissionsofIUCN,istheleadinginternationalprofessional networkontheselection,establishmentandmanagementofnationalparksand otherprotectedareas.AspartofIUCN'sworkatregionallevel,IUCN's EuropeanProgrammehastheaimofachievingEurope-widecooperationinthe protection,restorationandsustainableuseoflivingnaturalresources. TheFederationofNatureandNationalParksofEurope(FNNPE)isapan- Europeanorganizationwhosemembersarenationalparks,regionalparksand natureparks,aswellasNGOsandgovernmentagencies,acrossEurope.FNNPE has198membersin33countries.MembersusethenetworkoftheFederationas aforumtosharemanagementexperience,andtopromoteandextendtheideals ofconservation.FNNPEholdsyearly assemblies,whichhaveaseriesof workshopsonspecificthemes,suchastrainingneedsandtourismappropriate toprotectedareas. The WorldWideFundForNature(WWF)isthelargestworld-wideprivate natureconservationorganization.WithnationalorganizationsinmostWest EuropeancountriesandagrowingprogrammeinEasternandCentralEurope, WWFworkstoconservethenaturalecologicalprocessesessentialtolifeon earth.InparticularWWFfocusesonwetlands,coastalareasandforests.In ti Europe,itsworkincludestheestablishmentandmanagementofprotected WWF areas,inparticularfordeltas(Camargue,CotaDonana,Volga,Danube)and coastalwetlands(WaddenSea). The orld W ConservationMonitoringCentre(WCMC)isanindependent,non profitorganization,establishedtosupportconservationandsustainable developmentbyprovidinginformationandatechnicalservicetoimprove informationmanagement.WCMCoperatesundertheauspicesofIUCN,UNEP andWWF.Itsprotectedareasprogrammehasdevelopedanextensivedatabase ontheworld'sprotectedareas,incorporatingtext,datatablesand computer WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORINGCENTRE maps,aswellas alargelibraryofprotectedareasliterature.Theinformationis availableforusebythoseinterestedinprotectedareas. BirdLifeInternationalisaworldwidepartnershipoforganizationsworkingfor thediversityofalllifethroughtheconservationofbirdsandtheirhabitats. BirdLifeundertakesresearchonbirdsandtheirhabitats,andidentifiespriorities foraction.Itsupportsthedevelopmentofnationalconservationorganizations, andimplementsaprogrammeoffieldprojectsonidentifiedprioritiesthrough BirdLifetheseorganizations.InEurope,BirdLifehasidentified2500ImportantBird INTERNATIONALAreas,andisnowcoordinatingacampaignin23countriesfortheirprotection, isdevelopingActionPlansforgloballythreatenedspecies,andisdeveloping HabitatActionPlanscontainingmeasuresnecessaryfortheprotectionofbirds