Reading Fluency Objecves • To develop an understanding of reading fluency • To explore a variety of effec1ve fluency strategies to enhance reading • To provide opportuni1es for par1cipants to engage in ac1vi1es to support and assess fluency strategies • To introduce par1cipants to the Fluency Development Lesson (FDL) Model Listening Auditory & Memory Speaking Oral Language Instruc/on Vocabulary Spoken Texts Language Learning Environment Atude/ Mo/va/on Free Wring Reading Phonics Wide Fluency variety of texts Vocabulary Comprehension Reflec1on • What is your understanding of Reading Fluency? • What are you currently doing to develop Reading Fluency? • What are you hoping to get from this workshop? Definion • Fluency is derived from the Lan word ‘fluens’ which means ‘to flow’. • Fluent reading is defined as “the ability to read expressively and meaningfully, as well as accurately and with appropriate speed” (Padak and Rasinski, 2008, p. 3) Why is it important? Fluency is the bridge between word recogni1on and comprehension Key Messages • Reading Fluency is a constrained skill • Reading fluency is dependent on the development of other skills i.e. automacity, accuracy and prosody • Reading Fluency should be explicitly taught • Reading Fluency is essen1al for comprehension Components of Reading Atude/ Mo/va/on Phonological Reading Awareness/ Fluency Phonics Wide variety of texts Vocabulary Comprehension NCCA ResearcH Report No. 15 ...‘the need to elaborate on other aspects of literacy not fully described in the Primary School English Curriculum (e.g. dialogic storybook reading, the alphabe1c principle, reading fluency, the wri1ng workshop, guided reading)’. (NCCA, 2012, p. 33) Conclusion 18 from NCCA Report In suppor1ng young children’s development as fluent readers, aen1on should be given to accuracy, expression, phrasing, smoothness and pace (rate). Texts used should be at children’s independent and instruc1onal levels. Video Clip • Fluency….a prac1cal demonstraon Three Dimensions • Accuracy • Automaticity • Prosody Accuracy What is it? What needs to be taught? Accuracy is 1. Decoding ‘the ability to 2. Sight word iden1fy most words recogni1on correctly’ 3. Guessing from Doherty, Focus on Fluency, 2012, p.3 context Automa/city • Automacity is the ‘ability to recognise words rapidly and effortlessly, saving mental energy for comprehension’. (Focus On Fluency, 2012, p. 3). WitHout Automa/city WitH Automa/city Brown/ Brown bear/ bear brown/ Brown bear/ bear what/ What do you see?/ do/ you see. Prosody Prosody is ‘the ability to read with expression to support understanding and to convey meaning to others’ (Focus On Fluency, 2012, p. 3). Stress Phrasing Pitch Five Elements of Effec/ve Fluency Instruc/on Modelling of fluent reading Development of sight vocabulary Opportuni1es to apply word iden1ficaon skills Increasing amount of reading by offering plenty of prac1ce opportuni1es Focusing on expressive reading with appropriate phrasing TeacHing Reading Fluency Strategies • Model Fluent Reading • Repeated Reading • Assisted Reading Model Fluent Reading • Teacher ‘Read Aloud’ to model fluent reading: • Before • During • Aer • Vocabulary, comprehension, posi1ve atude Repeated Reading –Some Examples • Self-managed Repeated Reading • Partner Repeated Reading • Readers’ Theatre – video clip • The Fluency Development Lesson • Ac/vity-AdolpHus Tips(partner repeated) • I know an old teacHer(readers tHeatre) Assisted Reading –Some Examples • Choral Reading • Echo Reading • Tape-assisted Reading • Whisper Reading • An1phonal Reading Ac/vity-EcHo Reading (My SHadow) AnotHer Ac/vity Phrasing – Fry’s Instant Word List (1980) THe Fluency Development Lesson Model 1 Students listen as the teacher reads the text aloud 5 Students 2 Students read engage in word the text chorally study 3 Students 4 Students engage in perform the paired text for an repeated audience reading Adapted from Rasinski et al:1990 Approaches to Assessment Assessing Accuracy and Automacity: • The One Minute Fluency Probe • Fluency Progress Chart • Partner Repeated Reading Record Form Useful Resources ICT and Reading Fluency • hYp://www.busyteacherscafe.com/literacy/ fluency.html • hYp://www.busyteacherscafe.com/literacy/ readers_theater.html • hYp://www.aaronshep.com/rt/RTE.html hYp://www.thebestclass.org/rtscripts.html hYp://www.readingrockets.org/helping/target/ fluency Time to Reflect How would you go about improving Resources fluency in your school? CPD Planning © PDST, 2010 Key Messages • Reading Fluency is a constrained skill • Reading fluency is dependent on the development of other skills i.e. automacity, accuracy and prosody • Reading Fluency should be explicitly taught • Reading Fluency is essen1al for comprehension .