Reading Fluency

Objecves • To develop an understanding of reading fluency • To explore a variety of effecve fluency strategies to enhance reading • To provide opportunies for parcipants to engage in acvies to support and assess fluency strategies • To introduce parcipants to the Fluency Development Lesson (FDL) Model

Listening Auditory & Memory Speaking Oral Language Instrucon

Vocabulary Spoken Texts

Language Learning Environment

Atude/ Movaon

Free Wring Reading Phonics Wide Fluency variety of texts

Vocabulary Comprehension Reflecon

• What is your understanding of Reading Fluency? • What are you currently doing to develop Reading Fluency? • What are you hoping to get from this workshop?

Definion

• Fluency is derived from the Lan word ‘fluens’ which means ‘to flow’.

• Fluent reading is defined as “the ability to read expressively and meaningfully, as well as accurately and with appropriate speed” (Padak and Rasinski, 2008, p. 3)

Why is it important?

Fluency is the bridge between word recognion and comprehension

Key Messages

• Reading Fluency is a constrained skill

• Reading fluency is dependent on the development of other skills i.e. automacity, accuracy and prosody

• Reading Fluency should be explicitly taught

• Reading Fluency is essenal for comprehension

Components of Reading

Atude/ Movaon

Phonological Reading Awareness/ Fluency Phonics Wide variety of texts

Vocabulary Comprehension

NCCA Research Report No. 15

...‘the need to elaborate on other aspects of literacy not fully described in the Primary School English Curriculum (e.g. dialogic storybook reading, the alphabec principle, reading fluency, the wring workshop, guided reading)’. (NCCA, 2012, p. 33)

Conclusion 18 from NCCA Report

In supporng young children’s development as fluent readers, aenon should be given to accuracy, expression, phrasing, smoothness and pace (rate). Texts used should be at children’s independent and instruconal levels.

Video Clip

• Fluency….a praccal demonstraon

Three Dimensions

• Accuracy • Automaticity • Prosody

Accuracy

What is it? What needs to be taught? Accuracy is 1. Decoding ‘the ability to 2. Sight word idenfy most words recognion correctly’ 3. Guessing from Doherty, Focus on Fluency, 2012, p.3 context

Automacity

• Automacity is the ‘ability to recognise words rapidly and effortlessly, saving mental energy for comprehension’. (Focus On Fluency, 2012, p. 3).

Without Automacity With Automacity

Brown/ Brown bear/ bear brown/ Brown bear/ bear what/ What do you see?/ do/ you see.

Prosody

Prosody is ‘the ability to read with expression to support understanding and to convey meaning to others’ (Focus On Fluency, 2012, p. 3).

Stress

Phrasing

Pitch

Five Elements of Effecve Fluency Instrucon Modelling of fluent reading

Development of sight vocabulary

Opportunies to apply word idenficaon skills

Increasing amount of reading by offering plenty of pracce opportunies

Focusing on expressive reading with appropriate phrasing

Teaching Reading Fluency Strategies

• Model Fluent Reading • Repeated Reading • Assisted Reading

Model Fluent Reading

• Teacher ‘Read Aloud’ to model fluent reading:

• Before • During • Aer

• Vocabulary, comprehension, posive atude

Repeated Reading –Some Examples

• Self-managed Repeated Reading • Partner Repeated Reading • Readers’ Theatre – video clip • The Fluency Development Lesson

• Acvity-Adolphus Tips(partner repeated) • I know an old teacher(readers theatre)

Assisted Reading –Some Examples

• Choral Reading • Echo Reading • Tape-assisted Reading • Whisper Reading • Anphonal Reading

Acvity-Echo Reading (My Shadow)

Another Acvity

Phrasing – Fry’s Instant Word List (1980)

The Fluency Development Lesson Model 1 Students listen as the teacher reads the text aloud

5 Students 2 Students read engage in word the text chorally study

3 Students 4 Students engage in perform the paired text for an repeated audience reading

Adapted from Rasinski et al:1990

Approaches to Assessment

Assessing Accuracy and Automacity:

• The One Minute Fluency Probe • Fluency Progress Chart • Partner Repeated Reading Record Form

Useful Resources

ICT and Reading Fluency • hp://www.busyteacherscafe.com/literacy/ fluency.html • hp://www.busyteacherscafe.com/literacy/ readers_theater.html • hp://www.aaronshep.com/rt/RTE.html hp://www.thebestclass.org/rtscripts.html hp://www.readingrockets.org/helping/target/ fluency

Time to Reflect

How would you go about improving Resources fluency in your school?

CPD Planning

© PDST, 2010

Key Messages

• Reading Fluency is a constrained skill

• Reading fluency is dependent on the development of other skills i.e. automacity, accuracy and prosody

• Reading Fluency should be explicitly taught

• Reading Fluency is essenal for comprehension