PARTICIPATORY GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND LAND PLANNING LIFE EXPERIENCES FOR PEOPLE EMPOWERMENT AND COMMUNITY TRANSFORMATION FRANÇOISE ORBAN-FERAUGE FUNDP, NAMUR, BELGIUM [email protected] In collaboration with V.Aguilar, E. Alarcon, A. Carmona, N. Daix, B. Denil, A. Ignacio, J. Martinez, M. McCall, G.Miscione, E. Olivarez, M. Pandan. G. Rambaldi, R. Teruel, J. Verplanke 1 « I cannot think for others, through others, without others” (P.Freire) To Abet, Ana, Andres, Ating, Barbara, Baudouin, Belle, Bernard, Cesar, Cherie, Ching, Denise, Frédérique, Gérard, Gussy, Eric, Gwénaël, Ian, Iris, Jean-Paul, Jo, Joel, John-Paul, Julie, Laurent, Lito, Liza, Louie, Minmin, Mummy, Nenita, Nicolas, Nilo, Noel, Ophélie, Pedro, Pierre, Popoy, Rachel, Riggs, Rita, Robert, Romy, Roni, Ross, Sabine, Sharon, Stéphane, Sylvia, Terai, Vincent, Vir, Weng, Yvan. Thank you for your sharing. Thank you for your friendship. Thank you for embracing our common cause. Françoise 2 Preface .............................................................................................................................................6 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................8 Chapter 1. Concepts and Methods ...............................................................................................10 1.1. History.............................................................................................................................10 1.1.1. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) ....................................................................10 1.1.2. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) ............................................................11 1.1.3. Participatory Geographical Information Systems (PGIS) ....................................12 1.1.4. PGIS, pGIS, Pgis ....................................................................................................13 1.1.5. Ways and levels of the participation...................................................................14 1.2. Ethics ...............................................................................................................................16 1.3. Partnership, role and responsibility of the scientist ......................................................19 1.3.1. Quadripartite partnership ...................................................................................19 1.3.2. The role of the scientist ......................................................................................20 1.4. Methodology ..................................................................................................................21 1.4.1. Suggestion of a methodology for a Pgis implementation...................................24 1.4.1.1. Identification of the problems ................................................................24 1.4.1.2. Building of the partnership ......................................................................24 1.4.1.3. Data gathering .........................................................................................25 1.4.1.4. Data processing .......................................................................................25 1.4.1.5. Scenarios towards alternative solutions .................................................26 1.4.2. Limits of the participation ...................................................................................27 Chapter 2. Applications .................................................................................................................28 My PGIS journey ....................................................................................................................28 2.1. Contribution of PGIS through Community Mapping in Water Resource Inventory: The Case of Barangay Alangilan, Bacolod City, Philippines .............................................31 2.1.1. The Challenge ......................................................................................................31 2.1.2. Objectives ............................................................................................................33 2.1.3. Methodology .......................................................................................................33 2.1.4. Conclusion ...........................................................................................................35 2.2. Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture: Quadripartite Partnership and Community Empowerment. The Case of Bacolod City, Philippines ....................................................38 2.2.1. The geographical context ....................................................................................38 2.2.2. Quadripartite partnership ...................................................................................39 2.2.2.1. Partners’ profiles .....................................................................................39 2.2.2.2. Implementation of the partnership .........................................................40 2.3.3. Illustration ...........................................................................................................41 2.2.3.1. Step 1: Indicators’ computation ..............................................................41 2.2.3.2. Step 2: GIS integration .............................................................................43 2.3.4. Discussion ............................................................................................................43 2.3. Community Resource Mapping in Forest and Water Resources Management: Bridging the Divide between Community and Government in Mindanao .....................45 2.3.1. A brief history of forest (mis)management in the Philippines – from centralized extraction to distributed stewardship .................................................45 2.3.2. Paradigm shift in Forest Management ...............................................................47 2.3.3. Community resource mapping as an approach to empowered community participation in environmental governance ...........................................................47 3 2.3.4. Integration of CRM outputs in government planning ........................................48 2.3.5. From outputs to management – the challenges of participation .......................51 2.3.6. Creating an enabling environment for participation in forest and water resources management – the AVLDA experience ..................................................51 2.3.6.1. Beginnings ................................................................................................51 2.3.6.2. Adoption of participatory methods for community-based resource management ...................................................................................................52 2.3.7. Discussion ............................................................................................................53 2.4. Bridging Communities Using Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS) in Environmental Management: The Experiences of the University of St. La Salle, Bacolod City .....................................................................................................................55 2.4.1. Context ................................................................................................................55 2.4.2. Objectives ............................................................................................................56 2.4.3. Methodology/experiences: .................................................................................56 2.4.3.1. Barangay 7, Bacolod City ..................................................................................57 2.4.3.2. Barangay Punta-taytay, Bacolod City ......................................................57 2.4.3.3. Sitio Dung-i, Sipalay City ..........................................................................58 2.4.4. Conclusion ...................................................................................................58 2.4.5. Discussion ...................................................................................................59 2.4.5.1. Impact to the community ........................................................................59 2.4.5.2. Impact to the GIS specialists ....................................................................59 2.4.5.3. Perspectives .............................................................................................60 2.5. Making Geographic Information System (GIS) Relevant to Community Development Research in the Philippines: Integration Process, Experiences and Challenges in the Poverty Mapping Research in Barangay Punta Taytay, Bacolod City .61 2.5.1. Context ................................................................................................................62 2.5.2. Methodology .......................................................................................................62 2.5.2.1. The Linear Combination Method (LCM) ..................................................62 2.5.2.2. The Principal Component Analysis Method (PCAM) ...............................64 2.5.3. Pilot Site ..............................................................................................................64 2.5.4. Data and Research Protocol ................................................................................65 2.5.6. Results .................................................................................................................66