MEXICO Estados Unidos Mexicanos Table of Contents Geographical & Historical Background CULTURE Mexico’s Development in Detail . Demographic Indicators . Social Indicators . Economic Indicators . Urban Indicator Geographical Background GEOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND • Location: Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the US • Geographic coordinates: 23 00 N, 102 00 W • Map references: North America • Area: total: 1,972,550 sq km land: 1,923,040 sq km water: 49,510 sq km • Area—comparative: slightly less than three times the size of Texas • Land boundaries: total: 4,538 km border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,326 km • Coastline: 9,330 km • Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm Source: WORLD BANK • Population (2014 est.): 120,286,655 (growth rate: 1.21%); birth rate: 19.02/1000; infant mortality rate: 12.58/1000; life expectancy: 75.43 • Capital and largest city (2011 est.):Mexico City, 20.446 million • Other large cities: Guadalajara 4.525 million; Monterrey 4.213 million; Puebla 2.335 million; Tijuana 1.82 million; Toluca de Lerdo 1.748 million (2011) • Climate: varies from tropical to desert • Terrain: high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert • Elevation extremes: lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m highest point: Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m • Natural Resources: petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber Source: WORLD BANK • Land use: arable land: 12% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 39% forests and woodland: 26% other: 22% (1993 est.) • Irrigated land: 61,000 sq km (1993 est.) • Natural hazards: tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean coasts • Environment—current issues: natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border Source: WORLD BANK HISTORY & CULTURE Mexico is a beautiful country, full of rich history and fascinating culture. From bullfighting to chocolate and rabbits, Mexico is a varied country. HISTORY 2000 election of historical importance. First time in 70 years the PRI loses power (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) Vincentre fox of PAN takes over (Partido Accion Nacional) Pre-Classical Period 3500 BC-300 AD First settlers arrive about 50,000 yea ago via Bering Straight. Fist human corpse found 12,000 years ago, El Hombre de Tepexpan. Agriculture begins about 7,000 years ago,ending nomadic lifestyle. Cultures included Olmeca,Mixteco- Zapoteca,Maya,Teohtihuacan,Tulteca, Azteca. The Classical Period 300-900 AD .Teothihuacan culture .First great civilization, Advanced metropolis, numbering system,260 day calendar ,agriculture. .Mayan Culture .One of the most advanced indigenous cultures, began as hunter gatherers and migrated into the Yucatán. .Zapotec Culture .The first Zapotecs came to Oaxaca from the north. they became the predominant ethnic group. They built many important cities, The Post Classical Period Tenochtitlan founded in 1325 by Cortes .Rise of Aztec civilization and thriving culture. .Population estimates of over 200,000 .Modern city design Historical Timeline Tenochtitlan conquered in 1521 by Cotes Including religious conquest, forcing their way of life upon the natives Mexico under Spanish rule for almost 300 years In 1810 the Mexican War for Independence begins Spearheaded by Miguel Hidalgo Iturbide and his armies become victorious August 24,1821 the treaty of Cordoba signed acknowledging Mexico’s Independence Mexican Revolution in 1910 Civil war of political ,social , and military turmoil Estimated that 1/15th of the population died during the war Pancho Villa emerged as one of the leaders of the revolution against Porfirio Diaz MEXICAN CULTURE The culture of Mexico reflects the complexity of their history through the blending of pre Hispanic civilizations and the culture of Spain , imparted during Spain’s 300-year colonization of Mexico. Influences from the United States have shaped Mexican culture , and to a lesser extent , influences from Europe ,Africa ,and Asia. COMMUNITY Citizens take pride in their lifestyle and economic independence. In Mexican culture the expectation of working and socializing together is a key component of society ,and has a basis in the strong ties formed within the family. Reference, by Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science Contributor Religion RELIGIONS PERCENTAGE With the Spanish conquest and Protestant colonization of Mexico, Catholicism was pentecostal 1% 1% 0% established as the 6% 14% dominant religion of 3% Jehovah's witnesses 75% Mexico. other Weekly church attendance is forty-six unspecified percent of the Mexican none population. Roman catholic Source: Source: U.S. Library of Congress HOLIDAYS & CELEBRATIONS The Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe.(Dec 12) The Day of the Dead.(Nov 2) Independence Day.(Sept 16) Reference, by Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science Contributor CUISINE Mexican cuisine is known for its intense and varied flavors ,colorful decoration ,and variety of spices. Mexican food varies by region, because of local climate and geography and ethnic differences Reference, by Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science Contributor TEQUILA In Mexico, contrary to popular belief, Tequila is drum straight without salt and lemon. Sangrita-a sweet. Sour and spicy drink typically made from orange juice, grenadine (or tomato juice) and hot chilies. 2006 Tequila Trade Agreement Reference, by Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science Contributor Sports Soccer(futbol in Spanish) is by far the most popular sport in Mexico. The country hosted the Summer Olympic Cup in 1970 and 1986. In Mexico bullfighting is also highly popular and appreciated. Reference, by Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science Contributor Mexican art and Music Clay pottery, embroidered cotton garments, wool shawls and outer garments with angular designs, colorful baskets and rugs are some of the common items associated with Mexican folk art. The country is closely associated with the Mariachi style of folk music. It involves a group of musicians — playing violins, guitars and trumpets . wearing silver-studded charro suits and elaborate hats. "La Cucaracha" is a well-known Mariachi staple. Reference, by Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science Contributor POPULATATION (119,938,473) Second most population country in Latin American . Age Structure: 0-14 year : 30.1 (male 16,696,089 / female 16,011,563) 15 – 64 years : 64% (male 33,624,812 / female 35,925.372) 65 years and over :5.9% (male 2,917,563 / female 3,525,492) Median age 25.6 years Source: IMF POPULATION CONTINUED Population Growth Rate :1.153% Birth Rate: 20.36 birth / 1,000 population Death Rate: 4.76 death / 1,000 population Infant Mortality Rate: 19.63 Life Expectancy : 7563 years Fertility Rate : 2.39 children born / women Source: World Bank ETHNIC GROUPS 60% Mestizo ( American-Spanish ) 30% Amerindian or predominality Amerindian 09% White 01% Others Source: Source: U.S. Library of Congress RELIGIONS 0% Protestant 1% 1% .76.5% Roman 6% 14% pentecostal Catholic 3% Jehovah's 75% 6.3 % Protestant witnesses 1.4 % Jehovah’s other Witnesses unspecified 0.3 % Others none 13.8 % Unspecified Roman catholic 3.1 % None Source: World Bank LANGUAGES Official Languages is Spanish About 50 different languages spoken by indigenous people Nahuati Otomi Mayan etc. Source: World Bank LITERACY 91% of people 15 and over can read and write 92.4% are male 89.6% are female Reference, by Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science Contributor GOVERNMENT Country name : Estados Unidos Maxicanos Government Type : Federal Republic Capital : Mexico (Distrito Federal) Flag Description : three equal vertical bands of green, white, and red, the coat of arms(an eagle perched on a cactus with a smock in its beak ) is centered in the white band Source: Source: U.S. Library of Congress MEXICAN STATES . 31 States and 1 Federal District. INDEPENDENCE Independence was declared Sept 16th 1810 Independence was recognized by Spanish Sept. 27th 1821 Independence day celebrated on Sept. 16th (1810) Source: world bank POLITICAL PARTIES National Action party ( PAN) Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) Convergence for Democracy ( CD) Labor Party (PT) Mexico GAREEN Ecological Party (PVEM) New Alliance Party (PNA) Future Prospect DEMOGRAPHIC Annual growth rate 2030 APPROX GRAPH OF 2030 • In 2030 , the population of Mexico will reach 148 millions, an MEXICO increase of 16.6 from 2015. 20 Mexico’s population growth although positive, will be slowing down over the period due to 15 declining birth and increasing death as well as continuing negative net migration . Although 10 the country will age rapidly over this period it will remain young by 5 median age than the reground average in 2030. Mexico will be ninth largest country in the world 0 in 2030 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Source: Sample report Dominican republic in 2030 Social Indicators POPULATION IN MEXICO The current population of the United Mexican States is estimated to be about 123,278,559. The Mexican population makes up about 1.71% of the entire world’s population and ranks 11th in population rankings. Source: World Bank Unemployment Rate Source: World Bank How people earn their living GiniCoefficient: (2008–2012) Mexico has a GINI COEFFICIENT of 0.441 (2008-2012),whereas the average is only 0.373. In the standardized world Income Inequality Database, organizing countries from lower to higher levels of inequality, Mexico is ranked 87 among 113 countries; 76% of the countries in this sample demonstrate lower income inequality. The second data base-with 132 countries from the year 2000 to date. Mexico has a GINI COEFFICIENT of 0.483 whereas the average is merely 0.404.