Third International Conference on Racisms in the New World Order: Realities of Culture, Colour and Identity Conference Proceedings Proudly supported by the School of Indigenous & Australian Studies, James Cook University Singapore and the Faculty of Health, Medicine and Molecular Sciences. Third International Conference on Racisms in the New World Order: Realities of Culture, Colour and Identity. 29th-31st August, 2012, Pacific International Hotel, Cairns Editors: Dr Narayan Gopalkrishnan & Professor Hurriyet Babacan Published by The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Cairns Year of Publication: 2013 ISBN 978-0-9875922-6-2 This conference proceeding is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. You are free to copy, communicate and adapt this work, so long as you attribute James Cook University [The Cairns Institute] and the authors. Foreword The new millennium continues to present us with increased complexities in dealing with racist practice and racialised discourses. The continued unrest across the world fuels debates around national security and the war on terror, debates that in turn focus on and demonize marginalized groups in society. The overarching reach of the media increasingly exacerbates moral panic in the public arena around asylum-seekers, Muslims and all those who are visibly different. State paternalism has led to increased attempts to control the lives of Indigenous Peoples even to the extent of suspending protective legislation, such as anti-discrimination legislation. Questions of national identity and citizenship continue to hold centre-stage, often conjoined with fears of the ‘other’. Racism continues to permeate our lives in both subtle and overt forms, even as many people continue to assert either that ‘racism does not exist’ or, in a modified form, that ‘all people are racist’. The replacement of overt forms of racism by indirect and covert forms of ‘new racisms’ that use ideas of insurmountable cultural differences brought about by alien cultural values and lifestyles has made the task of challenging racism all the more difficult. And yet, racism continues to impact severely on the life chances of large sections of people across the world and, as such, cannot be ignored. The Third International Conference on Racisms in the New World Order: Realities of Culture, Colour and Identity was jointly organised by The Cairns Institute James Cook University and the Australian Human Rights Commission. The themes of the conference were significant nationally and internationally and included: Manifestations and Impacts of Racism Fear, Nationalism and Race Hate Racism in Specific Contexts Developing Anti-Racist Futures – Visualising alternatives for the future The Conference was held on 30-31 August 2012 in Cairns. A call for papers was made to the public and abstracts were submitted and accepted by the conference steering committee. Academic and practice based papers were presented at the Conference. The Conference was overseen by the co- convenors and an advisory committee. The Conference had keynote presenters and participants from all around the world. The presenters were invited to submit their papers for inclusion in these conference proceedings. Guidelines for the papers were provided by the convenors. Each paper has been blind-refereed by two other academic peers and complies with normal academic referring processes. This peer review process has ensured scholarly rigour and independent assessment of each paper. The papers in these Conference proceedings provide thought provoking studies and ideas from diversity authors and make a significant contribution to scholarly knowledge in this field. 2 Contents The ordinariness of Australian Muslims: attitudes and experiences of Muslims ............................... 2 Rosalie Atie and Kevin Dunn The construction of ‘Indigenous identity’: Racism, the media and the Bolt case ............................ 12 Alperhan Babacan Role of Discomfort and Disruption in Anti-Racism ..................................................................... 21 Hurriyet Babacan Cyber-racism in schools ........................................................................................................ 30 Nerina J. Caltabiano and Stephen V. Torre “I tell ya who needs educatin’”: non-Indigenous cultural self-awareness in prisoner education ....... 40 Rose Carnes Tracking Experiences at Universities: A Call for Cultural Competency .......................................... 55 Catherine M. Demosthenous Social Structures and Processes Linking Anger, Humiliation Power and Violence in Racist Societies . 69 Hellene T. Demosthenous The Post Modernist Effort for the Eradication of Racism in Colombia ............................................ 82 Julián Facundo Rinaudo From Covert to Overt: The Role of Crisis in Transforming Racism ............................................... 95 Narayan Gopalkrishnan Local Community Involvement in Reconciliation ..................................................................... 106 Andrew Gunstone Hidden Racism and Systemic Racism: Is it contributing to the decreased health and well-being of Aboriginal Homeless Persons in the inner city of Cairns? .......................................................... 117 Charmaine Hayes-Jonkers, Adele Wright, Lisa Golding, Cliff Singer Challenging racism through new media: Talking Difference at Museum Victoria .......................... 129 David Henry Racism – Racing to the Top, Pushing to the Bottom? ............................................................... 138 Peter Herrmann Refugees in Australia - employment outcomes remain problematic ........................................... 147 Yi-jung (Teresa) Hsieh Surveying the State of Community Relations in Public Schools ................................................. 161 Garth L. Lean and Kevin M. Dunn Healing the wounds of racism: What does it mean? ................................................................ 175 Danielle Masson Literary Legacy: Unconscious bias ........................................................................................ 187 Noela McNamara Racism within Lateral Violence and Lateral Violence within Racism – An Aboriginal Australian Perspective under the theme Manifestations and Impacts of Racism ......................................... 200 Cheri Yavu-Kama-Harathunian How do we fare on the “fair go”? Developing anti-racism at the local level: the Darebin City Council Racism Inquiry and Anti-Racism Strategy .............................................................................. 215 City of Darebin “The Spiritual and Ethical Dimensions of Racism” ................................................................... 228 Graham Nicholson The ordinariness of Australian Muslims: attitudes and experiences of Muslims Rosalie Atie1 and Kevin Dunn2 1Researcher, School of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751 2Dean, School of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751 Keywords: Muslims, Australia, everyday multiculturalism, ordinary cosmopolitanism, racism. 1Ms Rosalie Atie received a BA (Hons) from the University of Western Sydney in 2007. Since then she has been employed as a researcher at the University, working for the Social Justice Social Change Research Centre from 2008 to 2010. Since 2011 she has been working on the Challenging Racism Project within the School of Social Sciences and Psychology and on other associated projects. These include: a partnership project with NSW Police on the effects of NSW Police community engagement counter-radicalisation model; a collaborative project with Deakin University into ethnic discrimination in the private rental housing market; a multi-university study into the frequency, outcomes, enablers and constraints of bystander anti-racism. 2Professor Kevin Dunn has worked in the field of cross-cultural relations for over two decades. He is globally recognised for his work on anti-racism, and he steers the leading national research project on racism and anti-racism in Australia – The Challenging Racism Project. In this field he has published over 15 refereed journals articles, and delivered over 40 conference papers. He and his team have provided numerous briefings to government agencies at all levels. Most recently, he has briefed the Australian Multicultural Advisory Council, the Australian Human Rights Commission, and the Department of Immigration, on the direction and content of the National Anti-Racism Partnership. Dunn also has long-standing research relations with Muslim communities in Australia, especially those within Sydney and to lesser extent in Melbourne. Over the last decade there has been a rapid expansion of scholarship on the difficulties of Muslims living within western countries. On the one hand Muslims are seen as not “fitting in” and, on the other they are being prevented from belonging through mechanisms of social exclusion. This research samples at the deeper-end of disaffection and reproduces a discourse of non-integration. There is no compelling empirical evidence in Australia to support the case for widespread radicalisation (or vulnerability to it) among Muslims, nor is there evidence to suggest widespread alienation. UWS conducted a survey together with the Islamic Sciences and Research Academy to collect evidence as to whether incompatibility (radicalisation etc) and disaffection is